3.3 Flashcards
What is a parasite
Harms the host and derives it’s nutrition
Limited metabolism and cannot survive outside of the host
How are parasites transmitted
Direct contact- physical contact
Use of a vector
What are the parasites life cycles
Direct life cycle- eggs shed onto host
Indirect life cycle- primary host is used for sexual reproduction
And secondary host is used aswell
What is mutalism
Symbiotic relationship from which both organisms benefit from
What is an example of mutalism
Clown fish living in sea anemones
Fish defend from predators of the sea plant
Sea plant provides protection
What is a social heirchacy
Members of a group are organised into a rank order
What are the advantages to a social hierarchy
Aggression between members is rituliased
The most powerful will pass on their genes to the next generation
What are the benefits of cooperative hunting
All members get a share
They can tackle larger prey
Minimise injury
Less energy is used per individual
What is altruistic behaviour
Unselfish behaviour which harms the honour an benefits the recipient
What is kin selection
Individuals reduce their own lifetime production of offspring to help relatives reproduce
What are the roles of worker bees queen bees and drones
Queen bee- produce the eggs
Drones- males that help reproduction
Workers- non reproducing females that maintain and defend the hive
What is the purpose of the waggle dance preformed by bees?
Communication of the distance and direction of food which minimises energy use of other members
What Is a species diversity
Number of species in a ecosystem
What is a true island
Land surrounded by water
What is a habitat island
Area surrounded by different ecosystems
What is habitat fragmentation caused by
Geological processes
Human activity like forest clearing
What is the degradation of habitat fragments
Increased competition between species
Decrease in biodiversity
What are naturalised species
Become established in wild communities
What are invasive species
Spread rapidly and kill native species
