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Sam Yr13 E1 24/25 > 3.2.6 New Aqueous Ions > Flashcards

3.2.6 New Aqueous Ions Flashcards

1
Q

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between [Fe(H2O)6]2+ and NaOH

A

[Fe(H2O)6]2++ 2OH⁻→ Fe(H2O)4(OH)2+ 2H2O

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2
Q

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between [Fe(H2O)6]2+ and NH3

A

[Fe(H2O)6]2++ 2NH3→ Fe(H2O)4(OH)2+ 2NH4+

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3
Q

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between [Fe(H2O)6]2+ and Na2CO3

A

[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + CO32⁻ → FeCO3+ 6H2O

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4
Q

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between [Fe(H2O)6]3+ and NaOH

A

[Fe(H2O)6]3++ 3OH⁻→ Fe(H2O)3(OH)3+ 3H2O

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5
Q

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between [Fe(H2O)6]3+ and NH3

A

[Fe(H2O)6]3++ 3NH3→ Fe(H2O)3(OH)3+ 3NH4+

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6
Q

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between [Fe(H2O)6]3+ and Na2CO3

A

2[Fe(H2O)6]3++ 3CO32⁻→ 2Fe(H2O)3(OH)3+ 3CO2+ 3H2O

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7
Q

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between [Al(H2O)6]3+ and NaOH

A

[Al(H2O)6]3++ 3OH⁻→ Al(H2O)3(OH)3+ 3H2O

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8
Q

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between [Al(H2O)6]3+ and excess NaOH

A

[Al(H2O)6]3++ 4OH⁻→ [Al(OH)4]⁻+ 6H2O

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9
Q

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between Al(H2O)3(OH)3 and excess NaOH

A

Al(H2O)3(OH)3+ OH⁻ → [Al(OH)4]⁻+ 3H2O

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10
Q

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between [A(H2O)6]3+ and NH3

A

[Al(H2O)6]3++ 3NH3→ Al(H2O)3(OH)3+ 3NH4+

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11
Q

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between [Al(H2O)6]3+ and Na2CO3

A

2[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 3CO32⁻→ 2Al(H2O)3(OH)3+ 3H2O + 3CO2

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12
Q

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between [Cu(H2O)6]2+ and NaOH

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2++ 2OH⁻→ Cu(H2O)4(OH)2+ 2H2O

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13
Q

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between [Cu(H2O)6]2+ and NH3

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2++ 2NH3→ Cu(H2O)4(OH)2+ 2NH4+

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14
Q

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between [Cu(H2O)6]2+ and excess NH3

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2++ 4NH3→ [Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4]2+ + 4H2O

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15
Q

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between Cu(H2O)4(OH)2 and excess NH3

A

Cu(H2O)4(OH)2+ 4NH3→ [Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4]2+ + 2H2O + 2OH⁻

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16
Q

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between [Cu(H2O)6]2+ and Na2CO3

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + CO32⁻ → CuCO3+ 6H2O

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17
Q

Write a chemical equation for the reaction between [Cu(H2O)6]2+ and HCl

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 4Cl⁻ → [CuCl4]2⁻+ 6H2O

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18
Q

Which aqueous-ion solutions are the most acidic?

A

Solutions of [Fe(H2O)6]3+ and [Al(H2O)6]3+

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19
Q

Which aqueous-ion solutions are the least acidic?

A

Solutions of [Fe(H2O)6]2+ and [Cu(H2O)6]2+

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20
Q

Why are solutions of [Al(H2O)6]3+ acidic?

A

Al3+ is small and has a high charge. Al3+ polarises the O−H bonds in the H2O ligands, which weakens the O−H bonds (and allows H+ to dissociate)

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21
Q

Why are solutions of [Fe(H2O)6]3+ acidic?

A

Fe3+ is small and has a high charge. Fe3+ polarises the O−H bonds in the H2O ligands, which weakens the O−H bonds (and allows H+ to dissociate)

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22
Q

Why are solutions of [Al(H2O)6]3+ and [Fe(H2O)6]3+ more acidic than solutions of [CuH2O)6]2+ and [Fe(H2O)6]2+?

A

Al3+ and Fe3+ are smaller and have a higher charge than Cu2+ and Fe2+. Al3+ and Fe3+ polarise the water ligands more than Cu2+ and Fe2+, so the weaken the O−H bonds more (and dissociate more H+)

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23
Q

What coulour is aqueous [Fe(H2O)6]2+

A

Green solution

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24
Q

What is observed when NaOH is added to aqueous [Fe(H2O)6]2+?

A

Green solution forms a green precipitate (goes brown on standing in air)

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25
Q

What is observed when excess NaOH is added to aqueous [Fe(H2O)6]2+?

A

Green solution forms a green precipitate. No further change

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26
Q

What is the formula of the precipitate formed when NaOH is added to aqueous [Fe(H2O)6]2+?

A

Fe(H2O)4(OH)2

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27
Q

What is observed when NH3 is added to aqueous [Fe(H2O)6]2+?

A

Green solution forms a green precipitate (goes brown on standing in air)

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28
Q

What is observed when excess NH3 is added to aqueous [Fe(H2O)6]2+?

A

Green solution forms a green precipitate. No further change

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29
Q

What is the formula of the precipitate formed when NH3 is added to aqueous [Fe(H2O)6]2+?

A

Fe(H2O)4(OH)2

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30
Q

What is observed when Na2CO3 is added to aqueous [Fe(H2O)6]2+?

A

Green solution forms a green precipitate

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31
Q

What is the formula of the precipitate formed when Na2CO3 is added to aqueous [Fe(H2O)6]2+?

A

FeCO3

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32
Q

What reactants can be used to produce Fe(H2O)4(OH)2?

A

[Fe(H2O)6]2+ reacted with NaOH or NH3

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33
Q

What reactants can be used to produce FeCO3?

A

[Fe(H2O)6]2+ reacted with Na2CO3

34
Q

Describe the appearance of Fe(H2O)4(OH)2

A

Green precipitate (goes brown on standing in air)

35
Q

Describe the appearance of FeCO3

A

Green precipitate

36
Q

What coulour is aqueous [Fe(H2O)6]3+

A

Purple solution (but looks brown due to some dissociation into [Fe(H2O)5(OH)]2+)

37
Q

What is observed when NaOH is added to aqueous [Fe(H2O)6]3+?

A

Brown solution forms a brown precipitate

38
Q

What is observed when excess NaOH is added to aqueous [Fe(H2O)6]3+?

A

Brown solution forms a brown precipitate. No further change

39
Q

What is the formula of the precipitate formed when NaOH is added to aqueous [Fe(H2O)6]3+?

A

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3

40
Q

What is observed when NH3 is added to aqueous [Fe(H2O)6]3+?

A

Brown solution forms a brown precipitate

41
Q

What is observed when excess NH3 is added to aqueous [Fe(H2O)6]3+?

A

Brown solution forms a brown precipitate. No further change

42
Q

What is the formula of the precipitate formed when NH3 is added to aqueous [Fe(H2O)6]3+?

A

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3

43
Q

What is observed when Na2CO3 is added to aqueous [Fe(H2O)6]3+?

A

Brown solution forms a brown precipitate and effervescence (CO2 is released)

44
Q

What is the formula of the precipitate formed when Na2CO3 is added to aqueous [Fe(H2O)6]3+?

A

Fe(H2O)3(OH)3

45
Q

What reactants can be used to produce Fe(H2O)3(OH)3?

A

[Fe(H2O)6]3+ reacted with NaOH, NH3, or Na2CO3

46
Q

Describe the appearance of Fe(H2O)3(OH)3

A

Brown precipitate

47
Q

What coulour is aqueous [Al(H2O)6]3+?

A

Colourless solution

48
Q

What is observed when NaOH is added to aqueous [Al(H2O)6]3+?

A

Colourless solution forms a white precipitate

49
Q

What is observed when excess NaOH is added to aqueous [Al(H2O)6]3+?

A

Colourless solution forms a white precipitate that then dissolves to form a colourless solution

50
Q

What is the formula of the precipitate formed when NaOH is added to aqueous [Al(H2O)6]3+?

A

Al(H2O)3(OH)3

51
Q

What is the formula of the complex ion formed when excess NaOH is added to aqueous [Al(H2O)6]3+?

A

[Al(OH)4]⁻

52
Q

What is observed when NH3 is added to aqueous [Al(H2O)6]3+?

A

Colourless solution forms a white precipitate

53
Q

What is observed when excess NH3 is added to aqueous [Al(H2O)6]3+?

A

Colourless solution forms a white precipitate. No further change

54
Q

What is the formula of the precipitate formed when NH3 is added to aqueous [Al(H2O)6]3+?

A

Al(H2O)3(OH)3

55
Q

What is observed when Na2CO3 is added to aqueous [Al(H2O)6]3+?

A

Colourless solution forms a white precipitate and effervescence (CO2 is released)

56
Q

What is the formula of the precipitate formed when Na2CO3 is added to aqueous [Al(H2O)6]3+?

A

Al(H2O)3(OH)3

57
Q

What reactants can be used to produce Al(H2O)3(OH)3?

A

[Al(H2O)6]3+ reacted with NaOH, NH3 (not in excess), or Na2CO3

58
Q

What reactants can be used to produce aqueous [Al(OH)4]⁻?

A

[Al(H2O)6]3+ reacted with excess NH3

59
Q

Describe the appearance of Al(H2O)3(OH)3

A

White precipitate

60
Q

Describe the appearance of aqueous [Al(OH)4]⁻

A

Coourless solution

61
Q

What coulour is aqueous [Cu(H2O)6]2+?

A

Blue solution

62
Q

What is observed when NaOH is added to aqueous [Cu(H2O)6]2+?

A

Blue solution forms a blue precipitate

63
Q

What is observed when excess NaOH is added to aqueous [Cu(H2O)6]2+?

A

Blue solution froms a blue precipitate. No further change

64
Q

What is the formula of the precipitate formed when NaOH is added to aqueous [Cu(H2O)6]2+?

A

Cu(H2O)4(OH)2

65
Q

What is observed when NH3 is added to aqueous [Cu(H2O)6]2+?

A

Blue solution forms a blue precipitate

66
Q

What is observed when excess NH3 is added to aqueous [Cu(H2O)6]2+?

A

Blue solution forms a blue precipitate which then forms a deep blue solution

67
Q

What is the formula of the precipitate formed when NH3 is added to aqueous [Cu(H2O)6]2+?

A

Cu(H2O)4(OH)2

68
Q

What is the formula of the complex ion formed when excess NH3 is added to aqueous [Cu(H2O)6]2+?

A

[Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4]2+

69
Q

What is observed when Na2CO3 is added to aqueous [Cu(H2O)6]2+?

A

Blue solution forms a blue-green precipitate

70
Q

What is the formula of the precipitate formed when Na2CO3 is added to aqueous [Cu(H2O)6]2+?

A

CuCO3

71
Q

What is observed when HCl is added to aqueous [Cu(H2O)6]2+?

A

Blue solution forms a yellow-green solution

72
Q

What is the formula of the complex ion formed when HCl is added to aqueous [Cu(H2O)6]2+?

A

[CuCl4]2⁻

73
Q

What reactants can be used to produce Cu(H2O)4(OH)2?

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ reacted with NaOH or NH3 (not in excess)

74
Q

What reactants can be used to produce aqueous [Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4]2+?

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ reacted with excess NH3

75
Q

What reactants can be used to produce CuCO3?

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ reacted with Na2CO3

76
Q

What reactants can be used to produce aqueous [CuCl4]2⁻?

A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ reacted with HCl

77
Q

Describe the appearance of Cu(H2O)4(OH)2

A

Blue precipitate

78
Q

Describe the appearance of aqueous [Cu(H2O)2(NH3)4]2+

A

Deep blue solution

79
Q

Describe the appearance of CuCO3

A

Blue-green precipitate

80
Q

Describe the appearance of aqueous [CuCl4]2⁻

A

Yellow-green solution

Sam Yr13 E1 24/25 (5 decks)

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