3.2.3.1 Suburbanisation Flashcards
What is suburbanisation?
This is the movement of people from living in the inner parts of a city to living on the outer edges. It has been facilitated by the development of transport networks and increase in car ownership and results in a spread of the urban area
What were the causes of suburbanisation pre 1930s?
- people wanted to escape from the decline, pollution, and stress of the inner city- often industrial areas- and wanted to emigrate
- suburbanisation was facilitated by growth of public transport e.g. railways, then construction of improved roads and thus increased car ownership allowing wealthier individuals to commute to work from their homes
What were the causes of suburbanisation in the 1930s?
- not many planning controls so urban growth occurred along main roads
- = called ribbon development and caused urban sprawl due to lack of planning controls
What occurred in 1940s regarding suburbanisation?
- this growth since 1930s caused concern leading to establishments of protected areas called Green Belts to control further development
Since 1950s suburbanisation has been
Has increased, but better planned and implemented
During 1950s and 60s, large scale construction of
council (social) housing estates in the suburbs on greenfield sites; some of these became known as ‘sink estates’
What occurred in 1970s regarding suburbanisation?
- increasing home ownership (mortgages) leading to private housing estates on the rural-urban fringe, again on greenfield sites
- residents had more land for garages and gardens along with access to cleaner air and high proportion of open space and rural areas
What occurred in 1980s regarding suburbanisation?
- onwards and in recent years, new housing estates have been built in suburban areas with local shopping parades
- out-of-town retail parks, leisure parks and schools have been constructed in suburban areas
- this is because suburbs are perceived as relatively crime-free environments with the benefits of rural-urban fringe: woodlands, parks, golf courses etc
- green belt land been under increasing pressure/threat over time
The negative effects of suburbanisation relate to urban sprawl and the environmental impacts of this discussed earlier. However suburbanisation can also lead to:
- increasing social segregation within cities as the wealthy emigrate to the suburbs and poor remain in the inner city- particularly acute issue in American cities where segregation has occurred as a result of both wealth and ethnicity
- diversion of funding away from inner city areas to the suburbs to pay for new infrastructure and services
What is ribbon development?
This is urban growth, and the expansion of suburbs, along routes into the CBD
What does green belt refer to?
This is an area of land, usually surrounding an urban area, where development is restricted. It was a strategy to prevent urban sprawl
