3.2.2 changing places

Question 1

describe what a place is

Answer 1

a human concept

definite location on a map

built environment

description of the physical and human characteristics of a location

often somewhere where you belong or feel an emotional response too

Question 2

what is space?

Answer 2

an abstract notion

a continuous area or expanse which is free, available or unoccupied

space becomes place as we get to know it

Question 3

what is place meaning?

Answer 3

place meaning can change over time

eg torquay used to be the most opulent and most fashionable place in the UK

Question 4

what are the three aspects of place?

Answer 4

1. location = where a place is eg coordinates on a map
2. sense of place = people’s subjective and emotional attachment to a place which is developed through experience and knowledge
3. locale = place where someone happens or is set that has particular events associated with it

Question 5

what is positionality and topophillia/topophobia?

Answer 5

positionality = age, gender, social-economic status, ethnicity, life cycle stage

topophillia = place you love
topophobia = place you hate

Question 6

what influences attachment to place?

Answer 6

sense of belonging or alienation (inside and outsider perspectives)

experience of places changes with age
become rooted to places through feelings of attachment

Question 7

what is an insider perspective of a place?

Answer 7

belonging to a place and identifying with it

more profoundly inside them the strong they identify with the place

NIMBY = NOT IN MY BACKGROUND
can be applied to local opposition to developments such as new housing estates or wind farms

Question 8

what is insider and outsider perspective of places?

Answer 8

insider = perspective of someone who knows a place well and is familiar with it’s dynamics and events

outsider = perspective of someone who does not know a place well eg a visitor or someone who is marginalised in a community
SLUM TOURISM

PEOPLE HAVE A STRONGER RELATIONSHIP TO THE PLACES THEY ARE FAMILIAR WITH

Question 9

localism definition

Answer 9

affection for or emotional ownership of a particular place

localism rarely manifests itself in a political sense but can be demonstrated by nimbyism = not in my backyard
the behaviour of someone who doesn’t want something to be built or done where they live

Question 10

regionalism definition

Answer 10

consciousness of and loyalty to, a distinct region with a population that shares similarities

Question 11

what is nationalism?

Answer 11

loyalty and devotion to a nation which creates a sense of national consciousness

patriotism could be considered as an example for sense of a place

Question 12

what is religion?

Answer 12

places of worship brining together groups of people

Question 13

politics definition

Answer 13

unpopular politics, regimes and problems associated with capitalism

Question 14

near and far places
definition

Answer 14

can refer to the geographical distance between places

can describe the emotional connection with a particular place and how comfortable a person feels in that place
often related to personal experiences

Question 15

near and far places
key point

Answer 15

geographically near places do not automatically foster identities of familiarity and belonging

due to an increased globalised culture, travel and media do not automatically feel strange and uncomfortable

Question 16

experienced place and media place
definition

Answer 16

experienced places are places that a person has spent time in

media places are places that a person has read or watched about.
however the reality of a place can be skewed by media eg portrayal of rural places

Question 17

experienced place and media place
portrayal of rural places

Answer 17

the countryside in the UK has been stereotyped as having a lifestyle that involves a happy, healthy and close knit community experience

geographer Paul Cloke has looked extensively at the rurality and argues that magazines such as Country Life aim to reinforce false images by focusing more on the nostalgic images of the countryside

idyllic image of the countryside ignores problems of unemployment, and the scarce availability of housing.

rural homelessness has also been hidden from media view

Question 18

experienced place and media place
portrayal of cities

Answer 18

cities are often stereotyped in a negative way
eg economic and social deprivation, homelessness, crime, vandalism and pollution

successful regeneration projects have made city living far more attractive

Question 19

exogenous factors

Answer 19

The relationship of one place with other places and the external factors which affect this

Links to other places

Distance from other places or route ways

Accessibility to other places

Question 20

endogenous factors

Answer 20

The character of a place refers to the physical and human features that help to distinguish it from another place
These characteristics are known as endogenous factors, which originate internally

Question 21

character of place definition

Answer 21

refers to the human and physical features of a place that help to distinguish it from another place

Question 22

socio economic examples

Answer 22

Employment opportunities
amenities
educational attainment and opportunities income
health
crime rates
local clubs and societies

Question 23

torquay case study

Answer 23

High number of language students

23 miles from Exeter, 215 miles from London

Devon, Plymouth, Torbay and Somerset has an allocation of 116 million pounds from the
EU for 2014-2020 for investment in projects and initiatives which support economic growth

The south Devon Link road connects Torbay and Newton Abbot

Twinned with Hamein in Germany; host exchange visit

Question 24

what are the exogenous factors of Ancoats?

Answer 24

Rochdale canal ink to Manchester Ship Canal and Liverpool; allowed the import of raw cotton from south west USA and the Caribbean

In the nineteenth century, large numbers of Italian immigrants; Ancoats was known as “little Italy’

Question 25

what affects places?

Answer 25

• migration
• conflict
• terroism
• industrial accidents
• climate change

Question 26

how do external forces change place over time?

Answer 26

1. people: increased immigration into UK, 1948 wind rush from Caribbean
   decrease in people, Ukrainian refugees leaving homes
2. resources: increased cotton in manchester
   decreased gold rush
3. money: increased regeneration
   decreased deindustrialisation

Question 27

what are the three agents of change?

Answer 27

1. government policies = regeneration schemes and financial incentives for industries such as subsides
   these attract businesses to places and can stimulate a positive multiplier effect
2. decisions fron multinational corporations = In 2010, Mondelez international closed the cadbury factor near Bristol and moved production to Poland. In 2016, Tate Stell announced UK job cuts in response to difficult global market conditions
   Job losses for employees and factory converted into housing
3. impacts of international or global institutions = in 2015, world bank was running 15 developmental projects in Haiti
   post construction due to disaster of houses and communities with varied levels of success