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Chemistry (AQA) > 3.2.2/3.2.3 - Group 2 and Group 7 > Flashcards

3.2.2/3.2.3 - Group 2 and Group 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Define a reducing agent

A

An electron donor

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2
Q

Describe the trend in the reducing strength of halides

A
  • Increases down the group
  • Ionic radius increases
  • Weaker attraction between outer electron and nucleus
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3
Q

What is the observation for SO2?

A

(Acidic) Choking gas

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4
Q

What is the observation for S?

A

Yellow solid

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5
Q

What is the observation for H2S

A

Smell of bad eggs

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6
Q

What forms SO2?

A

Br- and I-

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7
Q

What forms S?

A

I-

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8
Q

What forms H2S?

A

I-

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9
Q

What is the observation for this reaction:
2I- -> I2 + 2e-

A

Black solid

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10
Q

What is the observation for this reaction:
2Br- -> Br2 + 2e-

A

Brown fumes

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11
Q

What do F and Cl undergo when they react with H2SO4?

A

Acid-base reactions

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12
Q

What is the ionic equation for H2SO4 reaction with F and Cl?

A

H+ + F- -> HF
H+ + Cl- -> HCl

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13
Q

What is the observation for H2SO4 and F?

A

Misty fumes of HF gas

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14
Q

What is the observation for H2SO4 and Cl?

A

Misty fumes of HCl gas

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15
Q

What are the steps for the halide test?

A
  1. Dissolve sample in water
  2. Add HNO3
  3. Add AgNO3(aq) solution
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16
Q

What are the observations from adding HNO3 and AgNO3 in a halide test?

A
  • Fluoride: No precipitate
  • Chloride: White precipitate
  • Bromide: Cream precipitate
  • Iodide: Yellow precipitate
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17
Q

What are the observations after adding dilute NH3?

A
  • Chloride: White precipitate dissolves
  • Bromide: Cream precipitate insoluble
  • Iodide: Yellow precipitate insoluble
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18
Q

What are the observations after adding concentrated NH3?

A
  • Bromide: Cream precipitate dissolves
  • Iodide: Yellow precipitate insoluble
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19
Q

Equation for AgCl and NH3

A

AgCl(s) + 2NH3 -> [Ag(NH3)2]+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

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20
Q

Equation for AgBr and NH3

A

AgBr(s) + 2NH3 -> [Ag(NH3)2]+(aq) + Br-(aq)

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21
Q

Define oxidising reagent

A

Electron acceptor

22
Q

What is the trend in oxidising ability of halogens?

A
  • Decrease down the group
  • Larger radius = weaker attraction between nucleus and outer electron
23
Q

What is the ionic equation for:
Chlorine + Sodium Bromide -> Bromine + Sodium Chloride

A

Cl2 + 2Br- -> Br2 + 2Cl-

24
Q

Observation when Cl2 reacts with Br-

A

Br2 produced - orange solution

25
Observation when Cl2 reacts with I-
I2 produced - brown solution (black solid)
26
Observation when Br2 reacts with I-
I2 produced - brown solution (black solid)
27
Why is chlorine added to water?
Sterilises water by killing bacteria
28
Why must chlorine be added in low concentrations?
It is toxic
29
What is the reaction between chlorine and water?
H2O + Cl2 <--> HCl + HClO
30
What is disproportionation?
A reaction in which a substance is simultaneously oxidized and reduced, giving two different products
31
What is the trend in the reactivity of group 2 metals down the group?
Increases
32
Equation for a group 2 metal reacting with liquid water
X(s) + H2O(l) -> X(OH)2 + H2(g)
33
Equation for a group 2 metal reacting with steam
X(s) + H2O(g) -> XO(s) + H2(g)
34
What are the observations of reaction with group 2 metals and water?
- White solid produced - Bright white light
35
Equation for when Mg is used in the extraction of Ti from TiCl4
TiCl4 + 2Mg -> 2MgCl2 + Ti
36
What agent is Mg during its use in the extraction of Ti
Reducing agent
37
What is the trend of the solubility of group 2 hydroxides?
Increases down the group
38
Ionic equation for the formation of Magnesium Hydroxide
Mg2+ + 2OH- -> Mg(OH)2
39
What is the observation for reaction between Mg and OH-?
White precipitate forms
40
What can be used to test for the presence of Mg2+ ions in a solution?
NaOH
41
What can be used to test for the presence of OH- ions in a solution?
Mg(NO3)2
42
Uses of Magnesium Hydroxide?
- Indigestion relief (neutralises stomach acid) - Often called "milk of magnesia"
43
What is the trend in the solubility of group 2 sulphates?
Decreases down the group
44
Ionic equation for the formation of Barium Sulphate
Ba2+ + SO4 2- -> BaSO4
45
What can be used to test for the presence of Ba2+ ions in a solution?
H2SO4 or Na2SO4
46
What is the observation for reaction between Ba and SO4 2-?
Formation of a white precipitate
47
What can be used to test for the presence of SO4 2- ions in a solution?
Acidified BaCl2
48
Uses of Barium Sulphate
- Stomach X-rays (barium meal)
49
What are the dangers of using Ba2+ ions?
They are toxic
50
Observation with the reaction with carbonate impurities
Effervescence

Chemistry (AQA) (38 decks)

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