3.2.1.2 Prokaryotic Cells and Viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

They have no nucleus

Instead they have a single circular DNA molecule that is free in the cytoplasm and not associated with proteins

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2
Q

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of membranes?

A

P: few organelles bounded by a double membrane
E: have many

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3
Q

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of cell walls?

A

P: have rigid cell walls made of polysaccharide and protein
E: have rigid cell walls mostly made of cellulose and only found in plant cells

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4
Q

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of flagella?

A

P: have simple flagella
E: may have complex extension of cytoplasm to form cilia for coordinated movement

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5
Q

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of respiration?

A

E: have mitochondria
P: bacteria have mesosomes and algae use cytoplasmic membranes

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6
Q

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of photosynthesis?

A

P: no chloroplasts, only bacterial chlorophyll associated with the cell surface membrane in some bacteria
E: plant and algae cells contain chloroplasts

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7
Q

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of fixing nitrogen?

A

P: some have the ability to fix nitrogen
E: cannot fix nitrogen

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8
Q

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of a capsule?

A

P: many have an outer mucilaginous layer called a capsule
E: don’t have a capsule

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9
Q

What is the structure of a bacterial cell?

A

Cell wall: made of murein
Capsule: outer mucilaginous layer, only found in some species
Cell surface membrane
Plasmid: small, circular pieces of DNA
Flagellum: can be more than one, for movement
Cytoplasm: contains enzymes and other soluble material
Ribosomes: 70S

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10
Q

What is a virus?

A

Smallest structure that shows life- 20-300nm
Genetic material: DNA or RNA but not both, small number of genes
Can’t be treated with antibiotics because there are no metabolic processes for them to inhibit
Can only multiply inside a host cell

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11
Q

What is the structure of viruses?

A
Lipid envelope
Attachment proteins
Matrix
Capsid
Genetic material (RNA)
Reverse transcriptase
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12
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of nuclei?

A

P: no true nucleus, only an area where DNA is found
E: distinct nucleus with a nuclear envelope

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13
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of DNA?

A

P: DNA is not associated with proteins, some DNA is in the form of circular strands called plasmids
E: DNA is associated with proteins called histones, there are no plasmids, and DNA is linear

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14
Q

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of ribosomes?

A

P: ribosomes are smaller, 70S
E: ribosomes are larger, 80S

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15
Q

What is the role of the cell wall in bacterial cells?

A

Physical barrier which protects the cell against mechanical damage, certain substances and osmotic lysis

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16
Q

What is the role of the capsule in bacterial cells?

A

Protects bacterium from other cells and helps to group bacteria to stick together for further protection

17
Q

What is the role of the cell-surface membrane in bacterial cells?

A

Controls the entry and exit of materials

18
Q

What is the role of circular DNA in bacterial cells?

A

Possesses the genetic information for the replication of bacterial cells

19
Q

What is the role of plasmids in bacterial cells?

A

Possesses genes that may aid the survival of bacteria in adverse conditions