3.2.1.1 Structure of Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

What are the main features of a Eukaryotic Cell?

Answer 1

They have a distinct nucleus and possess memmbrane bound organells

Question 2

What are the 4 different Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 2

Animal
Plant
Fungal
Algal

Question 3

What are organelles?

Answer 3

Organelles are theparts of cells and they each have a specific function

Question 4

What is the strucutre of a cell surface membrame?

Answer 4

Made of a phospholipid bilayer and contains many different protiens

Question 5

What is the function of a cell surface membrane?

Answer 5

Surrouds the cell which allows it to controll what goes in and out of the cell

Question 6

What are the sub-organelles of the nucleus?

Answer 6

Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear Pores
Nucleoplasm
Chromosomes
Nucleolous

Question 7

What is the strucutre and function of the Nuclear Envelope?

Answer 7

• Double membrane which surrounds the nucleus
• It controls what goes in and out of the nucleus

Question 8

What is the strucutre and function of the Nuclear Pores?

Answer 8

The passageway of large molecules such as mRNA

Question 9

What is the strucutre and function of the Nucleoplasm?

Answer 9

Cytoplasm but for the nucleus

Question 10

What is the strucutre and function of the Chromosomes?

Answer 10

Protien-bound, linear DNA

Question 11

What is the strucutre and function of the Nucleolous?

Answer 11

Manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomes

Question 12

What is the function of the Nucleus?

Answer 12

• Acts as the control centre of the cell through the production of mRNA and tRNA
• Retains genetic material of the cell
• Manufactures rRNA and ribosomes

Question 13

What are the sub-organelles in the Mitochondria?

Answer 13

Double membrane
Matrix
Cristea

Question 14

What is the strucutre and function of the Double membrane?

Answer 14

Controlls the movement of materials in and out of the mitochondria

Question 15

What is the strucutre and function of the Matrix?

Answer 15

Contains biological molecules which are involved in the production of enzymes required for photosynthesis

Question 16

What is the strucutre and function of the Cristea?

Answer 16

Extenstions of the inner membrance which attach to enzymes that are involved in respiration

Question 17

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 17

This site of aerobic resipration whichproduced ATP whjic is a soruce of energy for the cell

Question 18

What are the sub-organelles of the Chloroplasts?

Answer 18

The chloroplast envelope
Stroma
Grana

Question 19

What is the strucutre and function of the the chloroplast envelope?

Answer 19

A double plasma membrane which surrounds the organelle and is selective with what comes in and out

Question 20

What is the strucutre and function of the Grana?

Answer 20

• Stacks of ~100 THALKANOIDS which contain the pigment CHLOROPHYLL and each stack is connected by LAMELLA
• This is also where the first step of photosynthesis occurs

Question 21

What is the strucutre and function of the Stroma?

Answer 21

A fluid-filled matrix where the second stage of photosunthesis occurs (Starch Grains may be present)

Question 22

What is the function of the chloroplast?

Answer 22

Photosynthesis occurs here in plants

Question 23

What is the general structure of Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 23

An elaborate netweork ofenclosed tubes and flattened sacks called cisternae

Question 24

What is the main function of Rough ER?

Answer 24

Provides a large SA for synthesis of protiens and glycoprotiens due to it having lots of ribosomes

Question 25

What is the main function of Smooth ER?

Answer 25

Synthsis, storage and movement of lipids and carbohydrates