3.2.1.1&2 Cell Structure

Question 1

Three. Domains.

Answer 1

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

Question 2

What is something that animal cell and animal cell algae cell and fungal cell contain? Talk about the function.

Answer 2

Cell surface membrane
Rough, endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth, endoplasmic reticulum
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus (not double membrane)
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria

Question 3

What is the organelle that only contain in animal cell

Answer 3

Lysosome
Centrioles

Question 4

What is contained in plant cells algal cell and Fungal

Answer 4

Vacuole
Cell wall

Question 5

What does contain in both plant cell and algal cell

Answer 5

Chloroplast

Question 6

What is only contain in plant cells (additional)

Answer 6

Plasmodesmata

Question 7

Among all of the eukaryotic cell, which 2 could be unicellular

Answer 7

Algal
Fungal

Question 8

How is substance made in DNA transport out of the cell? (E.g. insulin)

Answer 8

1. MRNA, copy, instruction, or sequence of bases in DNA.
2. MRNA leave nucleus through nuclear pore on the nuclear envelope.
3. MRNA attached to a ribosome attached to endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosome read the instruction to assemble the protein insulin. {Protein synthesis, make proteins}
4. Vesicles, bud of transport and package to Golgi apparatus
5. Vesicles fused with Golgi apparatus.
6. Golgi apparatus [modified,process,and package insulin molecule into vesicles] ready for release.
   7.Vesicles bud off from Golgi apparatus and [transport] toward cell surface membrane
7. Vesicles fused with cell surface membrane.
8. Cell surface membrane open to release insulin outside. (exocytosis.)

[ ] = Golgi apparatus function
{ } = rough ER function

Question 9

What is the theory that explains how organelles is mitochondria and chloroplast arose within eukaryotic cell?

Answer 9

Endosymbiotic theory
Endosymbiosis is where one organism lives within another
If the relationship is beneficial to both organisms the engulfed organism is not digested

Question 10

Evidence that supports Endosymbiosis

Answer 10

Circular DNA found in mitochondria and chloroplast
70 S ribosomes found in mitochondria and chloroplast
Mitochondria and chloroplast are both surrounded by a double membrane

Question 11

What is the Endosymbiosis theory?

Answer 11

Mitochondria and chloroplast, evolved from engulfed prokaryotes that once lived as independent organism, and then evolve to become the mitochondria and chloroplast

Question 12

Structure in mitochondrion

Answer 12

Matrix
Ribosome 70s
Circular, DNA
Outer membrane
Inter-membrane space
Inner membrane (cristae)

Question 13

What is contained in chloroplast?

Answer 13

Lamella
Stroma
Granum (s) Grana (p)
starch grains
Ribosome 70s
circular dna
inner membrane
outer membrane
inter membrane space

Question 14

What is described as a tissue an organ or an organ system or organism?

Answer 14

Tissue: a group of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function.
Organ : groups of different tissues that work together to perform a specific function
Organ system: groups of different organs that work together to perform a specific function
An organism is made up of several organ systems.
A group : 2 or more

Question 15

Exam Q : describe the ways in which organelles work together in the production, transport, release of protein from eukaryotic cell

Answer 15

DNA in the nucleus is the code for protein
Ribosome on the rough endoplasmic reticulum produce protein
Mitochondria produce ATP for protein synthesis
Golgi, apparatus package, and modify the protein
Rough, endoplasmic reticulum / vesical transport proteins
Vesicles fused with cell membrane

Question 16

What are the structure that must contain in a virus?

Answer 16

Genetic material
Capsid
Attachment protein
Matrix

Question 17

What is structure that may contain in a virus?

Answer 17

Lipid envelope
Reverse, transcriptase enzyme, can transcript RNA to DNA

Question 18

Virus replication

Answer 18

1. Virus attachment, protein attach to host cell via a protein receptor on the host cell surface membrane
2. The virus inject its genetic material into the host cell and this is the used to synthesise viral proteins.
3. New virus particle are assembled
4. New viruses burst out of and damage and destroyed host cell
5. Attachment proteins attach to receptors;
6. (Viral) nucleic acid enters cell;
7. Nucleic acid / genetic material replicated in cell OR Reverse transcriptase makes DNA from RNA;
8. Cell produces (viral) protein/capsid/enzymes
9. Virus assembled and released/ lysis (from cell

Question 19

Prokaryotic cells structure, including function

Answer 19

Murein cell wall
Circular chromosome in cytoplasm
Plasmid (some)
Ribosome 70s
Flagella (some)
Capsule
Cell membrane

Question 20

similarity and difference between chloroplast and mirochondria structure

Answer 20

Both contain 70s ribosome
Both are doubled membrane bounded
Both contain circular DNA

Starch grams vs no starch grain
Stroma vs matrix
pigment vs no pigment

Question 21

describe the structure and function of the nuculeus

Answer 21

Structure
1. Nuclear envelope and pores OR Double membrane and pores;
2. Chromosomes/chromatin OR DNA with histones;
3. Nucleolus/nucleoli;

Function
4. (Holds/stores) genetic information/material for polypeptides (production) OR (Is) code for polypeptides;
5. DNA replication (occurs);
6. Production of mRNA/tRNA OR Transcription (occurs);
7. Production of rRNA/ribosomes;

Question 22

prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure difference

Answer 22

No membrane-bound organelles/correct example (Single,)
circular/loop DNA (in cytoplasm)
DNA free in cytoplasm
DNA not associated with proteins/histones
Murein/peptidoglycan (in) cell wall;

Question 23

function of lysosomes

Answer 23

Break down / digest cells / cell parts / toxins.