3.2.1 Hypertention Flashcards
What is Blood pressure?
1/3 systolic + 2/3 diastolic in mmHg
What is mean BP?
MAP - Mean atrial pressure
Normal >65
How does a BP cuff work?
- Inflate cuff - stops arterial blood flow (collapse artery)
- Deflate cuff - Korotkoff sound created by pulsatile blood flow through compressed artery
- Systolic - highest pressure to overcome cuff pressure
- Diastolic - last pressure needed to go back to laminar flow
- Blood flow is silent when artery is no longer compressed
What factors regulate cardiac output and arterial pressure?
Increase:
- Contractility
- Preload
- Myocardial fiber shortening
- LV size
- Stroke volume
- HR
- Cardiac output
- Peripheral resistance
- Arterial pressure
Decrease:
- Afterload
What happens with BP if cardiac output goes up?
BP goes up (visa versa)
- increased cardiac output = increased resistance
How does the autoimmune system influence BP?
Parasympathetic - decreased BP
Sympathetic - increased BP
Why doe people develop Hypertension?
- Abnormalities of SNS & RAAS
- 90% prim
-10% sec
What is the normal readings for BP?
Systolic: <120
Diastolic: <80
What are causes for secondary (10%) Hypertension?
Due to abnormalities of RAAS
- Chronic kidney disease
- Cushings
- Some conditions that goes along with diabetes
- Pseudosoma sarcoma
- Atrhrosclorosis
What is the readings of Hypertension?
Systolic: >140
Diastolic: >90
What are the different grades of hypertension?
Grade 1 - 140-159 / 90-99
Grade 2 - 160-179 / 100-109
Grade 3 - >180 / >110
What is White coat Hypertension?
BP goes up when see the doctor
What is concealed hypertension?
Normal BP when see the doctor but rest of the day is high
When do we screen for Hypertension?
- Family History
- Opportunistic screening over 18 years
Who should we treat for Hypertension?
Everyone over 140/90
Always start with lifestyle advice!
