3.2 Weathering Flashcards

1
Q

What is weathering?

A

The breakdown of rocks by the elements of the weather in exception for wind

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2
Q

What are the two types of weathering?

A

Physical and Chemical

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3
Q

What is physical weathering?

A

The breakdown of rocks into smaller fragments

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4
Q

What are the 5 types of physical weathering?

A
  • Freeze-Thaw
  • Exfoliation
  • Salt Crystallisation
  • Pressure Release
  • Tree roots
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5
Q

What is freeze-thaw weathering?

A

Water enters cracks/joints and then expand when it freezes then repeats as it goes back above 0 degrees

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6
Q

What is exfoliation weathering?

A

Rock expanding when heated and contracting when cooled, the outer layer cracks as it receives more heat than the inner layer

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7
Q

What is salt crystallisation weathering?

A

Solutions of salt can get into the pores and the salts precipitate, growing crystals which these expand

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8
Q

What is pressure release weathering?

A

Overlying rocks is removed by erosion the underlying rock expands

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9
Q

What is tree root weathering?

A

Tree roots grow into the cracks/joints of a rock and exert outwards pressure

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10
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

Chemical reactions between elements of the weather and mineral within the rock

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11
Q

What are the 6 types of chemical weathering?

A
  • Carbonation
  • Hydration
  • Oxidation
  • Solution
  • Hydrolysis
  • Organic Acids
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12
Q

What is carbonation weathering?

A

Carbonic acid being created which reacts with calcium carbonate in rocks and they dissolve

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13
Q

What is hydration weathering?

A

Water molecules added to minerals in rocks, causing chemical reactions

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14
Q

What is oxidation weathering?

A

Some minerals in rocks such as iron based minerals react with oxygen in the air

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15
Q

What is solution weathering?

A

Some minerals dissolve in water overtime due to the lower PH

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16
Q

What is hydrolysis weathering?

A

Chemical reactions between rock minerals and water such as formation of clay

17
Q

What is organic acid weathering?

A

Organic acids which are formed by the decomposition of litter which causes soil water to become more acidic and react with minerals

18
Q

What are the main type of factors that effect weathering?

A

Climate, Geology, Relief, Vegetation and human activity

19
Q

How does higher temperature effect climate weathering?

A

Faster Chemical Reactions

20
Q

How does higher precipitation effect climate weathering?

A

Dead leaves release more organic acids

21
Q

How does a temperature around 0 degrees effect climate weathering?

A

Freeze Thaw Occurs

22
Q

How does more moisture effect climate weathering?

A

More chemical reactions

23
Q

How does a larger diurnal range effect climate weathering?

A

More exfoliation

24
Q

How does more pores effect geological weathering?

A

Water gets inside the rock more often

25
How does the rock composition (Minerals Inside) effect geological weathering?
If there is Iron than Oxidation will occur
26
How does the amount of joints/cracks effect geological weathering?
Weathering happens more
27
What are the different ways relief can effect weathering?
- Slope/Height - Water Moving and Collecting - Aspect - Altitude temperature
28
What are the different ways Vegetation can effect weathering?
- Tree Root occurs when there is vegetation - More organic acids due to more dead leaves - Interception
29
What are the different ways Human Activity can effect weathering?
- Producing greenhouse gases leads to higher acidity precipitation and therefore more weathering - Global warming lead to increased temperature