3.2 Transport in animals Flashcards
What are properties of capillaries?
Thin walls, narrow lumen for easier diffusion of oxygen, and leaky walls that allow blood plasma and dissolved substances to leave the blood.
What is tissue fluid?
Tissue fluid is made from blood plasma and has a similar composition to blood, but is missing erythrocytes and large proteins.
How is tissue fluid formed at the arteriole end?
Water moves out of the plasma and into tissue plasma due to pressure difference.
Water takes dissolved molecules with it.
How do neutrophils move into tissue fluid?
Neutrophils can move into tissue fluid through small gaps between the cells of the capillary wall.
How is tissue fluid formed at the venous end?
Water moves out of the tissue fluid and back into the plasma, again due to pressure difference.
What does tissue fluid do?
Tissue fluid is the fluid by which substances are exchanged between the blood and cells. It supplies tissue with essential solutes in exchange for waste products.
What is the lymph?
Excess water, excreted proteins and lipids leave the tissue and flow into lymph vessels. Lymph vessels contain pores to allow the entry of large molecules, such as proteins. Lymphocytes are found in the lymph.
What is hydrostatic pressure?
The pressure that a fluid exerts when pushing against the sides of a vessel or container.
What is oncotic pressure?
The pressure created by the solutes.
What is blood made from?
Erythrocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, large blood proteins, high oxygen, high glucose, high amino acids, low carbon dioxide, lipids.
What is tissue fluid made from?
Neutrophils, few excreted proteins, low oxygen, low glucose, low amino acids, high carbon dioxide, few lipids.
What is lymph made from?
Lymph is made from lymphocytes, few excreted proteins, low oxygen, low glucose, low amino acids, high carbon dioxide, and many lipids.
How does pressure influence the movement of fluids at capillaries?
Pressure influences fluid movement at capillaries through hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure.
What is the cardiac cycle?
The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events that occurs when the heart beats, involving the flow of blood through the heart during one complete heartbeat.
What is diastole?
Diastole is when both the atria and the ventricles relax. The pressure in the arteries is higher than the pressure in the ventricles, so the semi-lunar valves close. Blood flows into the atria.
What is atrial systole?
Atrial systole is when both the atria contract at the same time. The pressure inside the atria is higher than the pressure in the ventricles. Blood flows through the open atrioventricular valves (AV valves) into the ventricles.
What is ventricular systole?
Ventricular systole is when both the ventricles contract at the same time. Pressure inside the ventricles is higher than the pressure in the atria and arteries leaving the heart, causing the AV valves to close and the semi-lunar valves in the arteries to open. Blood leaves the heart.
What is a blood pressure graph?
A blood pressure graph records blood pressure measurements as two numbers.
What does the first number in blood pressure represent?
The first number is the systolic pressure, which is the arterial pressure when the ventricles contract.
What does the second number in blood pressure represent?
The second number is the diastolic pressure, which is the arterial pressure when the ventricles are relaxed.
What is systolic pressure?
Systolic pressure is the arterial pressure during ventricular contraction.
What is diastolic pressure?
Diastolic pressure is the arterial pressure during ventricular relaxation.
