3.2 test Flashcards
Basal and squamous cell
Very common, rarely spreads, DNA mutation due to exposure to UV and radiation.
Merkel cell (Carcinoma)
Much less common, from sun exposure, (face, neck, arms).
Kaposi sarcoma
4 types.
1. The most common type is epidemic/AIDS-associated. Occurs in people infected with HIV.
2. Endemic occurs in people living in equatorial Africa.
3. Classic occurs in older Mediterranean people.
4. Iatrogenic develops in those whose immune system is weak due to organ transplant.
Melanoma
Most dangerous type of skin cancer. Starts in the epidermis, then moves to the other 3 layers.
Lymphoma
Cancer starts in the cells that are a part of the body’s immune system. The main types of lymphomas are Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s.
BRCA 2 gene
- Contains more than 80,000 nucleotides
- Larger than average gene
- Tumor suppressor gene
- Related to breast cancer
Genetic testing
Expensive testing to find out if you have the DNA for certain cancers.
Marker analysis
A technique where gene mutation is analyzed using a genetic marker. Inexpensive.
Genetic marker
Alteration in DNA that may indicate an increased risk of developing a specific disease or disorder. Short sequence of DNA located on the chromosome.
STR’s
Short tandem repeats.
- Distributed through genome
- Usually 2-5 nucleotides
- Useful in genetic linkage because they tend to vary
Alleles
Any of the alternative forms of gene that may occur at any given locus.
Chromosome 13
STR located on 13 next to the known BRCA 2 gene mutation can be used as a genetic marker for breast cancer.
HPV
- Sexually transmitted
- Cause cervical, throat, and mouth cancer
- Causes abnormal cell growth
- Vaccine available
EBV
- Type of herpes
- Causes mono
- Infects and stays in B lymphocytes
- Increases risk of developing nose cancer and Burkitt lymphoma
- Linked to Hodgkins disease and stomach cancer
- No vaccine or medication
Hep B and C
- Known to cause liver cancer
- Long-term infection caused by virus
- Vaccine available for Hep. B
