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M3 > 3.2 Static Electricity > Flashcards

3.2 Static Electricity Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is static electricity?

A

A situation where positive and negative charges are unevenly distributed, leaving materials with an overall positive or negative charge.

Static electricity can be generated through contact, friction, or induction.

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3
Q

How is static electricity generated through contact?

A

By rubbing two materials together, moving some electrons from one material to another.

This changes the distribution of charge, leaving the materials with opposite charges.

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4
Q

What happens when a glass rod is rubbed with fur?

A

The glass rod gains a negative charge.

Rubbing it with silk gives it a positive charge.

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5
Q

How does charging by contact work?

A

A charged object, like a glass rod, touches an uncharged object, transferring charge.

This results in the uncharged object acquiring a charge.

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6
Q

What is the result of rubbing a glass rod against silk?

A

The rod loses electrons and becomes positively charged.

This charge can then be used to charge other objects.

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7
Q

Describe the process of charging by induction.

A

Bringing a charged rod near an uncharged bar redistributes the charges within the bar without direct contact.

This can result in one end of the bar being positively charged and the other negatively charged.

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8
Q

What occurs when a finger touches the opposite end of a bar during induction?

A

Electrons are drawn from the finger into the bar, giving the bar an overall excess of electrons.

This results in the bar acquiring a negative charge.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: Static electricity can be achieved through _______.

A

[contact, friction, induction]

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10
Q

True or False: Charging by induction requires direct contact between the charged object and the uncharged object.

A

False

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11
Q

List the methods through which static electricity can be generated.

A
  • Contact
  • Friction
  • Induction
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12
Q

What happens to the charge distribution when two materials are rubbed together?

A

Electrons move from one material to another, creating opposite charges on each.

This uneven distribution leads to static electricity.

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13
Q

What happens when two opposite charges interact?

A

They attract (pull towards each other)

Opposite charges are typically defined as one positively charged and one negatively charged object.

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14
Q

What occurs when two like charges interact?

A

They repel (push away from each other)

Like charges refer to either two positively charged objects or two negatively charged objects.

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15
Q

What is the outcome of two positively charged objects interacting?

A

They repel each other.

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16
Q

What occurs when two negatively charged objects interact?

A

They repel each other.

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17
Q

How do a positively charged object and a negatively charged object interact?

A

They attract each other.

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18
Q

What is a pith ball?

A

A lightweight ball whose surface is coated with a conductive material.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: Opposite charges ______ and like charges ______.

A

attract; repel.

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20
Q

What is the effect of electrostatic forces of attraction and repulsion demonstrated with?

A

Charging two pith balls with a rod.

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21
Q

True or False: A positively charged object will attract another positively charged object.

A

False.

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22
Q

True or False: Electrostatic forces can be observed in everyday materials.

A

True.

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23
Q

What does Coulomb’s Law describe?

A

The force between two electrically charged bodies

It is useful for understanding interactions between charged particles, such as electrons.

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24
Q

State Coulomb’s Law in words.

A

The magnitude of the electrostatic force of attraction, or repulsion, between two-point charges is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

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25
Q

What is the formula for Coulomb’s Law in symbols?

A

F = k * (|Q1 * Q2| / d^2)

Where F is the force, k is the Coulomb’s constant, Q1 and Q2 are the charges, and d is the distance between them.

26
Q

What is the value of Coulomb’s constant (k) in typical units?

A

9.0 × 10^9 Nm²/C²

27
Q

What are the SI units for force in Coulomb’s Law?

A

Newtons (N)

28
Q

What are the SI units for charge in Coulomb’s Law?

A

Coulombs (C)

29
Q

What are the SI units for distance in Coulomb’s Law?

A

Metres (m)

30
Q

True or False: The electrostatic force is repulsive if the two charges have different signs.

A

False

31
Q

If two charges have the same sign, what type of force do they exert on each other?

A

Repulsive

32
Q

If one charge is negatively charged and the other is positively charged, what type of force do they exert on each other?

A

Attractive

33
Q

Fill in the blank: The force acts along the straight line joining the _______.

A

charges

34
Q

What does the term ‘point charges’ refer to in the context of Coulomb’s Law?

A

Charged particles treated as having no size, with distance measured between their centers of mass.

35
Q

What are good conductors of electricity among solids?

A

Metals

Metals have a high number of free electrons available for conduction.

36
Q

What happens to electrons when an electrostatic force is applied in a metal conductor?

A

Electrons flow from the negative to the positive pole.

37
Q

Do all solids conduct electricity?

A

Yes, all solids conduct electricity to some extent.

38
Q

What materials are classified as insulators?

A

Materials with very low conductivity.

39
Q

Why is water considered a poor conductor of electricity?

A

Chemically pure water lacks sufficient ions for conduction.

40
Q

What is the consequence of operating electrical equipment with wet hands?

A

Increased risk of electric shock due to water’s conductivity.

41
Q

What is electric current?

A

The movement of electrons through a conductor.

42
Q

What happens to the speed of electrons in a narrowed conductor?

A

Electrons must move at a higher speed to maintain the same current.

43
Q

What is the effect of a narrowed section in a conductor on heating?

A

It leads to a greater heating effect of the current.

44
Q

What role do impurities in tap water play in its conductivity?

A

They can enhance its conductivity compared to pure water.

45
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

Decomposition of chemical compounds by passing an electric current through a liquid.

46
Q

What is the conducting substance in electrolysis called?

A

Electrolyte.

47
Q

What occurs at the anode and cathode during electrolysis?

A

Chemical reactions occur, where electrons are exchanged and new substances are formed.

48
Q

How do positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions) move in an electrolyte?

A

Cations flow from anode to cathode; anions flow from cathode to anode.

49
Q

What is gas discharge?

A

The conduction of electricity by gases, often accompanied by visible light.

50
Q

What happens to gas atoms in a low-pressure gas when a potential difference is applied?

A

Some atoms become ionized, generating free charge carriers.

51
Q

What is an electron cascade?

A

A process where collisions between high-speed electrons and gas atoms produce more free electrons.

52
Q

What is the result of free electrons and positive ions recombining in a gas discharge tube?

A

They release energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light.

53
Q

What is the primary characteristic of a vacuum regarding particle presence?

A

A vacuum contains no particles.

54
Q

How can conduction occur in a vacuum?

A

Due to small numbers of charge carriers moving through it.

55
Q

What is the function of an oscilloscope?

A

Visualization and measurement of rapidly varying processes in electrical engineering.

56
Q

What is an electron beam tube, also known as a Braun tube?

A

A device containing two electrodes in an evacuated glass bulb.

57
Q

What happens to electrons when the cathode in a Braun tube is heated?

A

Electrons are released and accelerate towards the anode.

58
Q

Who developed the technology for focusing electrons to form a narrow beam?

A

A. R. Wehnelt.

59
Q

What is a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) used for?

A

It is used in oscilloscopes and television sets to display images.

60
Q

How does the direction of the electron beam in a CRT get controlled?

A

By applying a potential difference across pairs of plates.

M3 (19 decks)

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