3.2 Respiration Flashcards
What is the primary purpose of respiration in living organisms?
The primary purpose of respiration is to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP, and to release waste products.
True or False: Respiration occurs only in the presence of oxygen.
False
What are the two main types of respiration?
Aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.
Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen is called __________.
aerobic respiration
What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
What is produced during anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a product of aerobic respiration? A) ATP B) Lactic Acid C) Carbon Dioxide D) Water
B) Lactic Acid
What is lactic acid fermentation?
A process where glucose is converted into lactic acid and ATP in the absence of oxygen.
True or False: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
True
What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?
Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
Fill in the blank: The Krebs cycle takes place in the __________ of the mitochondria.
matrix
What is the main function of the electron transport chain?
To produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm? A) Krebs Cycle B) Glycolysis C) Electron Transport Chain D) None of the above
B) Glycolysis
What is the net gain of ATP from glycolysis?
2 ATP molecules.
True or False: Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respiration.
False
What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen while anaerobic respiration does not.
Fill in the blank: The waste product of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells is __________.
lactic acid
What is the role of NADH in respiration?
NADH donates electrons to electron carriers -> energy gradient formed -> forming the electron transport chain.
Multiple Choice: Which stage of respiration produces the most ATP? A) Glycolysis B) Krebs Cycle C) Electron Transport Chain D) Oxidative Phosphorylation
D) Oxidative Phosphorylation
What is fermentation?
A metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen.
True or False: The total yield of ATP from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration is approximately 36-38 ATP.
True
What is the role of FADH2 in respiration?
FADH2 donates electrons to electron carriers that donates electrons to the electron transport chain.
Fill in the blank: The first step of respiration, glycolysis, occurs in the __________.
cytoplasm
What is the significance of the inner mitochondrial membrane?
It contains the proteins and complexes necessary for the electron transport chain.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a product of the Krebs cycle? A) Glucose B) NADH C) Lactic Acid D) Ethanol
B) NADH
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
A cellular process where the energy released during the oxidation of molecules (like NADH and FADH2) is used to generate ATP, the main energy currency of the cell, through a series of electron transfers in the electron transport chain, ultimately reducing oxygen to water.
What is the General Process of Oxidation Phosphorylation?
1) NADH and FADH2 donate to electron carriers
2) Electron Transport Chain / Energy Gradient, energy pumps H+ out
3) Proton Gradient and Proton Motive Force, drive H+ in
4) Thru Hydrophilic Channel in stalk particle, ATP synthase use energy to phosphorylate ADP (+ iP) to ATP
5) electrons flow down ETC, O2 final electron acceptor, H+ from matrix reduce O2 to H2O
How many ATP molecules do 1 molecule of NADH and FADH produce in oxidation phosphorylation?
Each reduced NAD (NADH) molecule potentially produced (2.5) 3 molecules of ATP.
Each reduced FAD (FADH) molecule potentially produced (1.5) 2 molecules of ATP.
(All: 32 to 38 ATP)
What is the Total ATP generated from Oxidative Phosphorylation?
Each molecule of glucose yields 6 reduced NAD (NADH) from Krebs Cycle + 2 reduced NAD (NADH) from Link Reaction +2 reduced NAD (NADH) from glycolysis ->
10 reduced NAD (NADH).
Each molecule of glucose yields 2 reduced FAD (FADH) from Kreb Cycle.
ATP generated from the ETC and oxidative phosphorylation are = (10 reduced NAD 3) + (2 reduced FAD x 2) 34 ATP
Equation of Glycolysis
1 glucose + 2 NAD+ → 2 nett ATP + 2 reduced NAD (NADH) + 2 H2O + 2 Pyruvate
Equation of Link Reaction
2 pyruvate + 2 NAD→ 2 reduced NAD (NADH)+ 2 Acetyl CoA + 2CO2
Significance of Krebs Cycle
1) The provision of reducing power for Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in the form of reduced NAD (NADH) and reduced FAD (FADH2)
- The cycle oxidises organic fuel derived from pyruvate, generating 1 ATP, 3 reduced NAD (NADH), and 1 reduced FAD (FADH2) per turn (1 glucose 2 turns)
- The electrons donated by the NADH and FADH2 to Electron Transport Chain is involved in oxidative phosphorylation to make ATP.
2) an Interconversion Centre
Carbohydrate intermediates can be converted to amino acid or fatty acids.
