3.2 origins of biodiversity Flashcards
1
Q
causes of evolution
A
- genetic mutations
- natural selection
2
Q
speciation
A
- formation of a new species through biological processes
3
Q
isolation
A
- geographic, populations can no longer interbreed
- temporal, live at different times of day, don’t meet and breed
- behavioural, different mating rituals
4
Q
natural selection
A
- gradual evolutionary change from genetic variation in each generation
5
Q
plate tectonics
A
- tectonic plates move, moving the continents on top
- creates new islands, moves continents into different climatic zones
- creates new land
6
Q
endemic species
A
- unique to a particular location, not found anywhere else
7
Q
divergent plate margins
A
- plates move apart
- ocean floors spreading creates underwater mountains
- changes temperature in the ocean
- volcanic activity forming new land
8
Q
convergent plate margins
A
- creates mountains, volcanoes, land bridges, ocean trenches
9
Q
volcanic activity
A
- creates new habitats and niches on land and in the oceans
- succession
10
Q
mass extinction
A
- sudden global decrease in the number of species over a relatively short period of time
11
Q
background/normal extinction
A
- standard rate at which species go extinct
