3.2 Hydrosphere Flashcards
The only substance that exists in the atmosphere as a solid, liquid, and gas.
water
What is water made up of?
hydrogen and oxygen atoms
Process by which plants lose water out of their leaves.
Transpiration gives a bit of a hand in getting the water vapor back into the air.
Transpiration
When so much water has condensed that the air cannot hold it anymore
Precipitation
Earth’s water is made up of _____ and _____.
96.5% saltwater and 3.5% fresh water
- free water that is beneath Earth’s surface.
- surface or near-surface can be dry, but deeper parts are saturated with water
Groundwater
- happens when water extraction underground is too much
- ex. well that is too pumped out with water, and it’s not raining, people will notice the water is salty
Saltwater Intrusion
What are the 4 important roles of hydrosphere?
- moderate climate
- heat transfer
- organisms need water to transport nutrients and waste
- water is essential in many of Earth’s processes (mineral formation, erosion, weathering)
How does hydrosphere interact with the atmosphere?
Evaporation and precipitation transfer water between the hydrosphere and biosphere. Energy is also exchanged in this process.
How does hydrosphere interact with the biosphere?
water is necessary for transport of nutrients and waste products in organisms
How does hydrosphere interact with the geosphere?
water is the primary agent for the chemical and mechanical breakdown of rock to form loose rock fragments and soil, and sculpts the surface of the Earth
What are the 5 causes of the ocean currents?
- earth’s rotation
- wind
- temperature
- salinity differences
- gravitation of the moon
prevailing wind patterns affecting a large area
Monsoon
cold wind usually comes from China and Siberia (Nov. - Feb.)
Northwest Monsoon (Amihan)
wind from Australia that flows in a southwest direction going towards the equator (May - Oct)
Southwest Monsoon (Habagat)
low-pressure area
- region where the atmospheric pressure is lower than that of surrounding locations
Cyclone
form under areas of wind divergence that occur in the upper levels of the troposphere
Cyclone
In physics, ______ is an inertial force (fictitious) that acts on objects in motion relative to a rotating reference frame.
Coriolis force
How does Northern Hemisphere rotate?
counter-clockwise
How does Southern Hemisphere rotate?
clockwise
Storm Surge is also known as _____.
Daluyong ng Bagyo
It is the abnormal rise in sea level that occurs during tropical cyclones or bagyo. It is caused by strong winds and low atmospheric pressures.
storm surge
It is the giant spark of electricity in the atmosphere or between the atmosphere in the ground.
lightning
- sound made by a flash of lightning
- as lightning passes through the air, it heats the air quickly
- this causes the air to expand rapidly and creates the sound wave we hear
thunder
one hypothesis is that tornadic waterspouts sometimes pick up creatures such as fish or frogs and carry them up for several miles
raining fishes
Tropical Depression
61km/h or less
Signal No. 1
Tropical Storm
62-88km/h
Signal No. 2
Severe Tropical Storm
89-117km/h
Signal No. 3
Typhoon
118-184km/h
Signal No. 4
Super Typhoon
185km/h or higher
Signal No. 5
Pacific Ocean
Typhoon
Atlantic Ocean
Hurricane
Cyclone
