3.2: Gender Role Socialization Flashcards
A lifelong process of learning to become a member of the social world
Socialization
- process of internalizing society’s values in order to adapt to one’s culture.
- It influences how people behave as males and females in society.
Socialization
how much personality is determined by our biological inheritance.
The Role of Nature
how much personality is determined by social-cultural environment.
The Role of Nurture
Agents of Socialization
- Family
- Peer
- School
- Workplace
- Church
- Mass Media
- most important agent of socialization for children.
- Parents’ values and behavior patterns profoundly influence those of their daughters and sons.
Family
- also help socialize us and may even induce us to violate social norms.
- generally only affect short term interest unlike the family, which has long term influence.
Peer
- teach a set of expectations about the work, profession, or occupations they will follow when they mature.
- have the formal responsibility of imparting knowledge in those disciplines which are most central to adult functioning in our society.
School
a person meets people of different age groups and belonging to different social and cultural backgrounds.
Workplace
Television shows, movies, popular music, magazines, web sites, and other aspects of the mass media influence our political views; our tastes in popular culture; our views of women, people of color, and gays; and many other beliefs and practices.
Mass Media
fosters a shared set of socialized values that are passed on through society.
also uphold gender norms and contribute to their enforcement through socialization.
Church
a number of roles attached to a single status
ROLE SET
occurs when incompatible demands are built into a single status that a person occupies
ROLE CONFLICT
refers to the stress when, for any number of reasons, an individual cannot meet the demands of their social roles
ROLE STRAIN
occurs when people disengage from social roles that have been that have been central to their identity
ROLE EXIT
the process of learning and internalizing culturally approved ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving according to one’s gender.
Gender Role Socialization
are fixed, unquestioned beliefs, or images we carry in the back of our minds about women and men.
Gender Stereotypes
- refers to any situation where a person is denied an opportunity or misjudged solely on the basis of their sex.
- is when someone is treated unequally or disadvantageously based on their gender but not necessarily in a sexual nature
Gender Discrimination
highly resistant to change due to continuous exposure and reinforcement of gender differentiation.
GENDER ROLES
Agents of Socialization in the Context of Gender Role:
- Family
- Education/School
- Church/Religion
- Mass Media
- Language
people treat boys and girls differently
1st stage: Manipulation
will direct their attention to gender appropriate objects exemplified by toys
2nd stage: Canalization
words used to tell children what they are.
3rd stage: Verbal Appellation
children are familiarized with gender appropriate tasks.
4th stage: Activity Exposure
reinforce sexist concepts e.g., textbooks depict stereotyped roles like females as mother, housewives, sewers, or well-behaved girls, and males as fathers, workers, or naughty adventurous little boys.
Education/Schools
- communicate thoughts or ideas in the most pervasive institution of socialization.
- Sexist terms, no matter how subtle, very easily maintain gender ideology e.g. using male “man” (whether by itself or as prefix/suffix) and “he” to refer to both sexes.
Language
depicting women as martyrs, self sacrificing and conservative, etc.
Churches/ Religion
Print and broadcast media are most effective socializing agent; subtle and often subconscious way plus long amount of time people expose themselves to media
Mass Media
deep-seated in the culture as well as beliefs and value systems of the society. Pervasive social control further reinforces, maintains, and sanctions gender roles.
Gender Roles
THE ABC MODEL
A = Affect (Prejudice)
B = Behavior (Discrimination)
C = Cognition (Stereotypes)
- is an inaccurate view or opinion that many people hold about something or a group of people based solely or largely on the way they appear to others.
- Fixed idea of a person
Stereotype
the kind that you deliberately think about.
Explicit
a person is unaware of their “stereotypical” outlook.
Implicit
- Unjustified or incorrect attitude (usually negative) towards an individual based solely on the individual’s membership of a social group (McLeod 2008).
- Prejudice represents our emotional response upon learning of a person’s membership to a specific group like age, skin color, race, disabilities, generation, nationality, even religion, sex, sexual expression, gender expression and so on.
Prejudices
- When one individual or group is treated less favorably than another due to a person’s or group’s background or specific personal characteristics, that behavior is known as discrimination.
- Unjust treatment for a particular social group
Discrimination
All humans are born free and equal dignity and rights
Freedom and Equality
foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world.
Inherent dignity of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family
Manifestation of Gender Bias
- Marginalization
- Subordination
- Multiple Burden
- Violence Against Women
- Gender Stereotypes
Process which forces women out into the periphery of economic and social life, decision making, and diminishing the value of activities in which they contribute to the national development process.
Marginalization
the institutionalized domination by men and women
VISION: Quality participation in decision making, recognition of capabilities
Subordination
involvement in the three spheres of work:
Reproduction
Production
Community work
parenting, housework, work in the public/private sector
VISION: Shared parenting, shared housework; shared breadwinning
Multiple Burden
Acts of instilling fear and inflicting pain with the aim to injure, or abuse a person usually women using intimidation, emotional abuse, isolation, minimizing, denying, and blaming, using their children, using male privilege, using economic abuse, using coercion, and threats.
VISION: Freedom from violence, freedom from harassment, control over one’s body, non-threatening behavior, respect, trust and support, honesty and accountability, responsible parenting, shared responsibility, economic partnership, negotiation and fairness.
Violence Against Women
Fixed, unquestioned beliefs or images we carry in the back of our minds about men and women
VISION: Liberation from stereotyped images: nonsexist child rearing, non-sexist language
Gender Stereotypes
women and men, what they actually do, rather than relying on assumptions.
Seeing
women and men, their needs, priorities, and perspectives
Hearing
the value of women’s work
Counting
the full dignity of women and men
Respecting
about women and men and what happens to them.
Caring
