3.2 Economic Changes Flashcards
What is formal employment?
Officially recognised - workers are protected by the laws and country. There are rules about how many hours people can work, the age and health and safety. Workers pay tax to the government
What is informal employment?
Unofficial - jobs aren’t taxed or regulated by the government. People often work long hours in dangerous conditions for little pay
What is the primary sector?
Collecting raw materials e.g. farming, fishing, mining and forestry
What is the secondary sector?
Turning a product into another product (manufacturing), e.g. making textiles, furniture, chemicals, steel, cars
What is the tertiary sector?
Involves providing a service - anything from financial services, nursing and retail to the police force and transport
What is the quaternary sector?
Information economy - research and development, where scientists and researches investigate and develop new products (e.g. in the electronics and it industry) and consultancy (e.g. advising businesses)
Type of employment in developing countries?
Many workers in the informal sector
Type of employment in emerging countries?
Number of workers in the informal sector decreases as the country develops.
Type of employment in developed countries?
Few workers in the informal sector. Most in the formal sector.
Economic sectors in developing countries?
Lots of people work in low skilled tertiary sector jobs, e.g. on market stalls.
Few people work in the secondary sector because there’s not enough money to invest in the tech needed for this type of industry
A small percentage of people work in high skilled tertiary jobs e.g. in government offices or I.T
Economic sectors in emerging countries?
Employment in the secondary sector is high. There are established industrial zones and good infrastructure. There are also lots of low skilled tertiary jobs e.g. in retail or tourism.
As the industrial economy grows people have more money to spend on services - jobs in the tertiary sector e.g. In medicine or law. Some cities specialise in certain services, e.g. Hyderabad, India specialises in I.T. Development.
Economic sectors in developed countries?
Fewer people work in the secondary sector than in emerging countries.
Most people work in the tertiary sector because there’s a skilled and educated workforce, and there’s a high demand for services like banks and shops.
There’s some employment in the quaternary sector because the country has lots of highly skilled labour and has money to invest in the tech needed.
Working conditions in developing countries?
Conditions are poor. Pay is low, hours are long and conditions can be dangerous.
Working conditions in emerging countries?
Conditions improve and workers’ rights increase.
Working conditions in developed countries?
Conditions are good. Pay is high, workers have many rights protected by law.
