32. Diseases of the Alimentary Tract

Question 1

How long should nursing foals be fasted prior to endoscopy?

Answer 1

1 hour

Question 2

In what way does laparoscopy effect abdominal fluid values?

Answer 2

Increases WBCC and TP

Question 3

How long should horses be fasted prior to a laparoscopic exam?

Answer 3

18 to 24 h but water ad libitum

Question 4

In what way does N-butylscopolammonium bromide effect GI motility

Answer 4

Immediately reduces duodenal, cecal and left ventral colonic contractions for 30 (cecum and colon) to 120 minutes (duodenum).

Question 5

What are the locations evaluated during a FLASH US exam?

Answer 5

1. Ventral
2. Gastric
3. Splenorenal
4. Left middle third of abdomen
5. Duodenal
6. Right middle third
7. Thoracic

Question 6

What layers of the gut can be seen with a high-frequency transducer? How do they appear? (He/Ho)

Answer 6

1. He serosa
2. Ho muscularis
3. He submucosa
4. Ho mucosa
5. He mucosal interface w/ lumen

Question 7

Where is should the equine stomach be located ultrasonographically

Answer 7

Greater curvature 9-13th ICS, deep to the spleen

Question 8

What is normal equine stomach wall thickness?

Answer 8

7 mm, up to 1 cm when empty

Question 9

Where is the equine left kidney located ultrasonographically

Answer 9

15-17th ICS + L1-L3 ventrally, medial/deep to spleen

Question 10

What are the normal equine left kidney dimensions

Answer 10

In a TB:

Length: 9.6-15.6cm

DV 3.1-8.1cm

LM 6.6-9.1cm

Question 11

What are the normal ultrasonographic observations of the LVC

Answer 11

Sacculated wall

Motility 2-6times/min

Wall <4 mm

Question 12

What are the normal ultrasonographic observations of the LDC

Answer 12

Not sacculated

Wall <4 mm

Question 13

How does the colonic mucosal border appear in colitis

Answer 13

Can appear shredded, undulating, or wavy

Question 14

Distended vessels in colonic mesentery adjacent body wall indicates?

Answer 14

The colon is rotated along its long axis and is consistent with a diagnosis of displaced colon or a colonic volvulus

Question 15

How does a colonic impaction appear ultrasonographically?

Answer 15

Hyperechoic border at the mucosal surface casts a strong acoustic shadow and sacculations are flattened

Question 16

How frequently are equine small colon contractions?

Answer 16

No more than three contractions per minute

Question 17

What is the ultrasonographic location of the equine jejunum?

Answer 17

Left inguinal area, medial to the spleen and the left ventral portion of the colon

Question 18

Normal equine SI wall thickness and lumenal diameter

Answer 18

<3 mm

Rarely exceed 3cm