3.2 Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards
What happens in a left to right shunt?
Blood from the left heart is returned to the lungs resulting in increased pulmonary artery and venous pressure.
What are the causes of congenital heart disease?
Genetic- Down’s syndrome, Marfan’s syndrome
Environmental- alcohol, drugs
Maternal infections- rubella
What happens in a right to left shunt?
De-oxygenated blood bypasses the lungs so blood will be less oxygenated.
What is the result of an atrial septal defect?
Increased pulmonary blood flow
The right heart fails
What is the result of a ventricular septal defect?
Left ventricle is overloaded
Pulmonary hypertension
What is ‘Tetralogy of Fallot’?
Left to right shunt resulting in pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy and an over-riding aorta
What is ‘Tricuspid Atresia’?
No right ventricle inlet so right to left atrial shunt of entire venous return. Blood flows to the lungs via the ventricular defect.
What is a ‘Hypoplastic Left Heart’?
The left ventricle is underdeveloped so the ascending aorta is very small. There is a right to left shunt.
What is ‘Transposition of the Great Arteries’?
The right ventricle is connected to the aorta and the left ventricle is connected to the pulmonary artery. It is only viable if the two can communicate via shunts.
What is a ‘univentricular heart’?
Only 1 ventricle is present
What is ‘pulmonary atresia’?
No right ventricle outlet so right to left shunt of entire venous return. Blood flows to the lungs via the patent ductus arteriolus.
What is ‘aortic stenosis’?
Thickening of the aortic muscle
What is ‘coarction’?
Narrowing of the aorta
What is the collective name for left to right shunts?
Acyanotic
What is the collective name for right to left shunts?
Cyanotic
