3.2 Cells Flashcards
List the features of a eukaryotic cell
- cell-surface membrane
- nucleus (containing one or more nucleoli)
- mitochondria
- chloroplasts (in plants and algae)
- Golgi apparatus and Golgi vesicles
- lysosomes
- ribosomes
- rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- cell wall (in plants, algae and fungi)
- cell vacuole (in plants).
What is the structure and function of the cell-surface membrane?
Mainly made of lipids and protein. Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
What is the structure and function of the nucleus?
It is surrounded by a nuclear envelope (double membrane) which contains many pores. It contains chromosomes made from protein-bound linear DNA. Contains a nucleolus. The nucleus controls cell’s activity by controlling the transcription of DNA. The pores allow substances e.g. RNA to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleolus makes ribosomes.
What is the structure and function of mitochondrion?
They have a double membrane - the inner one is folded to form cristae. Inside is the matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration. Mitochondria is the site of aerobic respiration. Found in large numbers where cells are very active and requite lots of energy.
What is the structure and function of chloroplasts?
Flattened structure surrounded by a double membrane. Contains membranes inside called thylakoid membranes. These stack up to form grana, these are linked together by lamella. Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis. Some occurs in the grana and some occur in the stroma (thick fluid)
What is the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus?
A group of fluid-filled, membrane-bound flattened sacs. They process and package new lipids and proteins. Also makes lysosomes.
What is the structure and function of the Golgi vesicle?
A small fluid-filled sac. It stores lipids and proteins and transports them out of the cell.
What is the structure and function of lysosome?
Round organelle. Contains digestive enzymes (lysozymes). These digest invading cells or break down worn out components of the cell.
What is the structure and function of ribosomes?
Very small organelle made up of proteins and RNA. Not surrounded by a membrane. Site where proteins are made.
What is the structure and function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) ?
Membranes enclose a fluid-filled space. Surface covered with ribosomes. The RER folds and processes proteins that are made by the ribosomes.
What is the structure and function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
Has no ribosomes on its surface. It synthesises and processes lipids.
What is the structure and function of the cell wall?
