3.2 Bootloaders Flashcards
What is the path to the GRUB configuration file?
The path to the GRUB configuration file is /boot/grub/grug.conf or /boot/grub/menu.lst (which is a symbolic link to /boot/grub/grub.conf).
How do you change the default operating system when using GRUB?
Change the default operating system by editing the default
option in the grub.conf file.
Which setting displays the available operating systems during system boot up?
The #hiddenmenu
option (or absence of hiddenmenu
) displays available operating systems during system boot up.
What is the syntax used to identify the root file system for each operating system in the GRUB menu?
The syntax for identifying the foot file system for each operating system is hd#,#
, where the first # is the device number and the second # is the partition, starting with zero (0) for both.
How can you require authentication for the options in the GRUB menu?
The password
option requires authentication for the options in the GRUB menu.
How many stages does GRUB have?
GRUB has two stages.
Where does Stage 1 of GRUB reside?
Stage 1 of GRUB resides in the MBR
What is the primary purpose of GRUB Stage 1?
Stage 1 of GRUB points to the location of Stage 2.
Where does Stage 2 of GRUB reside?
Stage 2 of GRUB resides in a disk partition - typically /boot
How do you install GRUB from the command line?
grub-install /dev/sda
What are the two sections of the GRUB configuration file?
- Global
- Menu Selection
How does GRUB refer to disk devices and partitions?
hd#,#
, where the first # is the device number and the second # is the partition, starting with zero (0) for both.
What is the path of the GRUB root?
- If the /boot directory is mounted to a separate partition: /grub
- If the /boot directory is on the same partition as the rest of the filesystem: /boot/grub
What are GRUB Global options?
- default: menu item that will be booted if the user makes no selection
- timeout: seconds to wait before booting the default menu item
- gfxmenu: location of image file for graphical boot menu
- splashimage: location of image file for graphical boot menu
- hiddenmenu: prevent graphical menu from being displayed at boot
- password: password required for booting
- password –md5: encrypted password required for booting
What are the GRUB Title options?
- title: Title of the menu item
- lock: Require password to boot this title
- root: Location of the partition to be mounted as GRUB root
- rootnoverify: Location of partition with an operating system GRUB might not recognize
- kernel: Location of the Linux kernel, e.g., /boot/vmlinuz
- initrd: Location of the initrd image to use when creating the initial RAM disk, e.g., /boot/initrd
Keys used with Interactive GRUB at boot time
- e: edit boot sequence commands for a menu item
- o: add boot sequence command for a menu item after the current line
- O: add boot sequence command for a menu item before the current line
- d: delete selected boot sequence command from a menu item
- a: modify kernel arguments before booting
- b: boot when done editing
- c: command line
How can you use interactive GRUB to specify a different run level?
Specify ‘3’ as a boot option.
What is the command to generate an encrypted password for GRUB?
grub-md5-crypt
What does the default
GRUB option do?
Specify the operating system that boots as the default. The value may be the entry number (e.g., 0, 1, 2) or the name of the entry (e.g., Fedora).
What does the timeout
GRUB option do?
Sets the number of seconds GRUB waits before automatically booting the default operating system.