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Module 3: Digestive System > 3.2 Anatomy of Mouth, Pharynx & Esophagus > Flashcards

3.2 Anatomy of Mouth, Pharynx & Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

mouth

A
  • beginning of the gastrointestinal tract
  • made of
    lips
    tongue
    cheeks
    hard & soft palate
    uvula
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2
Q

Lips

A

form the opening of the mouth

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3
Q

Tongue

A

forms the floor of the mouth
- a muscle attached to the mandible, hyoid bone and lingual frenulum to contract for movement

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4
Q

Cheeks

A

form the walls of the mouth

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5
Q

Hard & Soft Palate

A

form the roof of the mouth

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6
Q

Uvula

A

forms the posterior border of the mouth
- a process that hangs inferiorly from its attachment to the soft palate

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7
Q

Lingual frenulum

A

the vertical mucous membrane by which the body of the tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth

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8
Q

mastication

A

a mechanical process where food is chewed by the teeth in the mouth

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9
Q

Amylase

A

enzyme derived from the salivary glands

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10
Q

Maxilla

A

upper arch of teeth

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11
Q

Mandible

A

lower arch of teeth

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12
Q

number of teeth

A

set of 32

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13
Q

Types of teeth

A
  • Incisors (central & lateral)
  • Canine (cuspid)
  • Premolar (bicuspid)
  • Molar
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14
Q

Incisors

A

chisel shaped tooth for biting

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15
Q

Canine (cuspid)

A

pointed tooth for tearing

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16
Q

Premolar (bicuspid)

A

increasingly flat tooth for grinding

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17
Q

Molar

A

flat teeth for crushing

18
Q

main parts of a tooth

A
  • root
  • neck
  • crown
19
Q

root

A
  • largest portion of each tooth
  • located within the alveolar process of the jaw bone
20
Q

neck

A

located within the upper portion of the gums (gingiva)

21
Q

crown

A
  • visible portion of the tooth
  • lies above the gum line
22
Q

Dentin

A

bone-like substance composing most of each tooth

23
Q

Enamel

A
  • located on the surface of the crown
  • very hard connective tissue that protects the rest of the tooth.
24
Q

Pulp cavity

A
  • At the center of each tooth
  • contains nerves and blood vessels
  • allows for sensations of heat, cold, and pain
25
Q

Tongue

A
  • grips the food
  • constantly repositions it between the teeth
  • forming it into a bolus
  • pushes the bolus back to the pharynx to begin the process of swallowing
26
Q

Bolus

A

compact mass of masticated food

27
Q

Papillae

A
  • raised bumps on the tongue
  • circumvallate
  • fungiform
  • filiform
28
Q

Taste buds

A
  • chemical receptors that are stimulated by the chemical composition of food
  • found primarily on the tongue, surface of the mouth & wall of the pharynx
  • located within circumvallate and fungiform papillae
29
Q

Pharynx

A
  • the throat
  • connects the mouth to the esophagus
30
Q

Parts of the Pharynx

A
  • nasopharynx (where air enters the nose or nasal cavity)
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
31
Q

Types skeletal muscles in Pharynx

A
  • circumferential outer layer
  • inner longitudinal layer
  • contract alternatively causing peristalsis which squeezes food into the esophagus.
32
Q

Epiglottis

A

a flap of elastic cartilage that covers the larynx when swallowing food or liquid

33
Q

Coughing

A
  • clears the larynx
  • body’s way of preventing aspiration of food or liquid into the lungs.
34
Q

Aspiration

A

food or liquid into the lungs can cause aspiration pneumonia

35
Q

Esophagus

A
  • extends from the pharynx to the stomach passing through diaphragm
  • a muscular tube, containing four layers of tissue
36
Q

Four layers of digestive tissue

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • muscularis externa
  • serosa
  • found in esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
37
Q

Mucosa

A
  • first or innermost layer
  • secretes mucus into the interior the gastrointestinal tract
38
Q

Submucosa

A
  • second layer
  • contains blood and lymph vessels, lymph nodes, nerves, and mucous glands
39
Q

Muscularis externa

A
  • third layer
  • made of two layers of muscle
  • outer longitudinal fibers
  • inner circumferential fibers
40
Q

Serosa

A
  • fourth and outermost layer
  • made up of cells that make serous fluid

Module 3: Digestive System (6 decks)

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