3.2 Flashcards
Which type of sacrifice was standard?
What were the main species chosen? (4)
What is the name for large sacrifices?
What does this word suggest?
What does it mean in Homeric epics?
Who asks the trojans to offer this in the Iliad?
Which book number?
What amount of which animal?
blood sacrifices
sheep, goats, pigs, cattle
hecatomb
100 oxen
any large sacrifice of any suitable species
Hector
6
12 heifers
Which Homeric example is the most complete picture of a sacrifice?
What are the three stages?
What are the first three things to happen in the preparation?
How does the animal ‘consent’?
Who was the sacrificer in the Odyssey?
What is involved when the sacrificer performs rituals? (4)
What do the assembled people do?
Odyssey 3.430-63
preparation, the kill, the handling and consumption of meat
animal is garlanded or horns gilded, procession to altar, animal consents.
by its docility (shaking of head when sprinkled with water)
Nestor
water and barley meal, prayers to gods, cuts animals hairs and throws them on fire.
pray and throw barley grains
What three things happen during the kill?
Which bones are cut out and wrapped in fat during the handling and consumption of meat?
Then what happens to them? (3)
What four things does the group do?
Which of these is different post-Homeric?
tendons of throat cut, women cry the ololyge, throat slit
thigh bones
raw meat placed on top, libation of wine poured, burned
taste innards, carve carcass, roast it, and dine
the roasting stage, instead boiled in cauldrons
What confirms the picture?
Date?
Which core elements of sacrifice are shown?
additional detail?
How are beliefs depicted?
How is it problematic? (2)
The attic red-figure stamnos
450-430BC
libation, prayer, burning of offering
musician playing a flute
Nike shown hovering
What is the object on the altar, are event happening simultaneously or just smushed into one scene?
What was the main intent of sacrifice?
Who broke this idea into three aspects?
What were the three aspects?
Which evidence supports the first aspect?
Number?
Which evidence supports the other two?
Number?
to please the gods
Theophrastus (300BC)
honour the gods, show gratitude, ask for something
Iliad: Zeus mentions ‘offerings are our due’
24.66-70
Iliad: Diomedes promises a sacrifice to Athena if she helps him and Odysseus
10.291-4
What does Homer imply the Gods get out of Sacrifices?
Number?
who thinks he was uncomfortable with anthropomorphism?
He thinks it was an effort to do what to the Gods?
Who argues honour was given by making sacrifice as beautiful or traditional as possible?
What is the evidence?
What was more important in Sparta?
Who says they would sacrifice one cockerel?
the enjoy the smell
1.315-17
Kirk (1990)
decarnalise them
Naiden (2015)
an Athenian inscription (300BC) about Panathenaiac sacrifices
tradition
Plutarch
What did Bukert argue?
What year?
Who disagreed?
Why?
Who critiqued both views?
What did he say?
What do modern scholars think?
sacrifice was a ritualisation of killing animals for food to combat guilt
1983
Vernant and Detienne (1989)
sacrifice was not about the kill but distribution and consumption of meat to reinforce group identity and social hierarchy
Bremmer (2010)
the views were innapropriately ANTHROPOCENTRIC and REDUCTIONIST
religious belief was the main focus of sacrifice
