3.2 Flashcards
What is ecological succession?
Ecological succession is the gradual process by which ecosystems change and develop over time, involving the establishment of new species and the modification of the environment.
What is primary succession?
Primary succession occurs in areas where no previous ecosystem existed, such as on bare rock or newly formed volcanic islands.
What is secondary succession?
Secondary succession occurs in areas where an ecosystem has previously existed but was disturbed or destroyed, like in a forest after a fire.
What are pioneer species?
Pioneer species are the first organisms to colonize a barren or disturbed environment, initiating ecological succession.
What are seral stages?
Seral stages are the intermediate stages in the process of ecological succession that occur between the initial colonization and the establishment of a climax community.
What is a climax community?
A climax community is a stable, mature ecosystem that has reached the final stage of ecological succession, where little change occurs in species composition.
What is species richness?
Species richness refers to the number of different species present in an ecosystem.
What is species evenness?
Species evenness is a measure of how evenly individuals are distributed among the species in a community.
What is genetic diversity?
Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genes within a species, which contributes to the species’ adaptability and resilience.
What is ecological diversity?
Ecological diversity is the variety of ecosystems, communities, and ecological processes within a geographical area.
What is a keystone species?
A keystone species is a species that plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem, and its removal can lead to significant changes in the ecosystem.
What is an invasive species?
An invasive species is a non-native species that spreads rapidly in a new environment, often disrupting the local ecosystem and out-competing native species.
How do primary and secondary succession differ?
Primary succession occurs on bare, newly formed surfaces without previous life, while secondary succession happens in areas where life has been disrupted but soil remains.
How do keystone species affect biodiversity?
Keystone species help maintain biodiversity by controlling populations and maintaining the balance of the ecosystem, which supports a variety of species.
How do invasive species affect biodiversity?
Invasive species can reduce biodiversity by out-competing native species for resources, altering habitats, and sometimes leading to the extinction of native species.
