316 Test 1 Flashcards
Young children are beleived to move through three brood stages of literacy developement as they learn to read and write. These three stages are
Emergent, beginning, and fluent
Of the following, the most appropriate instructional technique for emergent readers and writers is
language experience approach
when children learn that print is written and read from left to right and from top to bottom on a page, that are aquiring
directionality concepts
children are usually at the emergent stages of reading and writing in
pre-kindergarten and kindergarten
a group of kindergarten students enjoys playing in the pretend post office…
literacy play center
children read words accurately, rapidly, and automatically and they read with expression at the
fluent stage
literacy is a process which starts
before children begin school
first grade teacher betty Mcintyre would like to provde scaffolding for students who are struggling to learn to read and write. of the following, an effective scaffolding technique would be
miscue analysis
the language origin of words is referred to as
etymology
Phonemes are classified as either consonants or
vowels
One-syllable words can be divided into two parts known as the
onset and the rime
of the following, it is most important for teachers to provide time for students to
apply the phonics they are learning in authentic reading and writing activities
Because five-year-old Ryan enjoys watching movies…
interactive writing
in the english language there are
44 phonemes
Elkonin Boxes
Short Answer
Difference between phonemic awareness and phonics
Short Answer
Phonemic Awareness instruction helps children use the phonemic awareness strategies of
blending and segmenting
Preschool teachers can nurture young children’s phonemic awareness with developmentally appropriate activities such as
singing songs and sharing word play books
in the word cat, the rime is
at
of the following, the best way for a teacher to monitor a child’s phonemic awareness developement is to
observe the child as he participates in phonemic awareness activities
the alphabetic principle suggests that
there should be a one-to-one correspondence between phonemes and graphemes
in most situations, phonic instruction should be completed by the end of
kindergarten
the set of relationships between phonology (the sounds in speech)and orthography (the spelling patterns of written language) is referred to as
phonics
the current way of looking at how children begin to read and write is called
emergent literacy
the primary goal of Language Experience Activity is to show children
that their words can be written
the concept that stories have a beginning, middle, and end is referred to as
Story structure
children learn many concepts about print. among the concepts that children learn are…
letter and word concepts
Children learn how to hold books and turn pages. They learn that the text, not the illustrations, carries the message. these concepts are referred to as
book-oriented concepts
researchers suggest that the most effective method for teaching handwriting is
teacher modeling and supervision
Young children move through three broad stages as they learn to read and write. Identify and describe the three stages.
Short Answer
an intervention program designed to help first grade students reach grade level literacy standards is….
reading recovery
when the faculty of the Brady School discussed instructional plans for students who are english language learners, the Principal correctly stated that….
Students who are English learners benefit from participating in the same instructional programs as mainstream classmates
Piaget described learning as the modification of children’s cognitive structures or
Schema
Vygotsky referred to the range of task between children;s actual developmental level and their potential developmental level as the
Zone of Proximinal Developement
Of the following, the best example of an authentic literacy activity is
Discussing a book with a classmate
the smallest units of sound are called
phonemes
to best serve children and their families, research suggests that teachers should
schedule home and school partnership activities throughout the year.
When he was three years old, Brian often walked down his street…
assimilation
list and explain the 4 cueing systems which children and adults use as they read, write, listen and talk
short answer
explain the term Balance literacy and identify three components of a alanced literacy program
short answer
describe a major belief of each theorist: Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky,and John Dewey
short answer
Bob Scott is meeting his new second-grade class in September. What steps can Mr. Scott take to establish community of learners in which children are motivatied to learn and are actively involved in reading and wiriting activities?
short answer
the term emergent literacy was first used by
marie clay
Young children often begin to recognize and read familiar words they see such as the names of fast food restaurants and toy stores and the logos on cereal boxes. this type of familiar print is referred to as
environmental print
Some students in Mr. Bonhage’s fourth grade class are reading on a fourth grade level while others can read high-school level materials. This teacher should…
Differentiate instruction to meet each child’s needs
The structural system that governs how words are combined into sentences in English is referred to as the
syntactic system
The term which refers to the social aspects of language is
pragmatics
the smallest meaningful units in language are
morphemes
small homogeneous groups of children meet with a teacher to read a book at their instructional level when they participate in
balanced literacy reading programs
the word unwanted contains
three morphemes
third grade teacher Bea Taylor carefully selects books for her students because she believes that children use their knowledge of literature…
inquiry learning
George Harris is a kindergarten teacher. Many of his students have poor phonemic awareness. What activities could Mr. Harris use to improve the phonemic awareness of his students
short answer
When teachers examine a child’s invented spellings, they learn more about the child’s understanding of
phonology
A term which refers to the spelling system is
orthohraphy
Children’s attempts to spell words that reflect their developing knowledge about the spelling system are known as
invented spelling
Many young children string scribbles, letters, and letter like forms together but do not associate the marks they make with specific phonemes. Children exhibiting these behaviors are in the stage of spelling development known as
emergent spelling
Children enter the letter name-alphabetic stage of spelling developement when they can
write wrods with the CVCe pattern
Two of the most important ways that children learn to spell are
daily reading activities and writing activities
Morning message is an effective technique in literacy instruction for emergent readers. Describe this technique. How can morning message evolve into an interactive writing activity?
short answer
Phenmic awareness is the basic understanding that
speech is composed of a series of individual sounds
the smallest units of speech are
phonemes
a strategy for segmenting sounds in a word that involves drawing a box to represent each sound in a word is
Elkonin Boxes
Research has shown that the most powerful predictor of later reading acheivement is
phonemic awareness
when working with students who are english learners, researchers recommend
providing explicit instruction in phonemic awareness
As the teacher added words to the Word Wall, six year old Bill pointed to the word will and said “I can read that word because it looks like my name”
decoding by analogy
Madison, a first grade student, is reluctant to write sentences independently. She has difficulty spelling high-frequency words and needs guidance to put her thoughts in writing. Of the following, the best way to encourage Madison as a writer would be to use.
interactive writing
Research suggests that
there is nor relationship between reading ability and spelling ability
the term high-frequency words refers to words
that do not follow phonics
The most authentic way for a teacher to determine a child’s progress in spelling is to examine the child’s
running records
of the following, the most important factor teachers should consider when planning spelling instruction is the
child’s stage of spelling development
list the 5 stages of spelling development and identify a characteristic of each stage.
short answer
Traditionally teachers have told children to sounds out words they are trying to spell. It may be more effective, however, to tell children to think it our when they are trying to spell an unfamiliar word. What does a teacher mean when he tells a student to spell a new word by thinking it out?
short answer
Some parents fear that first-grade teacher Laura is encouraging bad habits by allowing her students to use invented spellings. Does the use of invented spellings hinder a child’s progress? How could Mrs. Seidel respond to these parents?
short answer
