3.1.6 china, india + africa profile

Question 1

When did China overtake Japan to become the world’s second largest economy?

Answer 1

In 2011.

Question 2

Where does there need to be investment in China? [3]

Answer 2

• Social services
• Pensions
• Healthcare, since the population is ageing

Question 3

What did the financial crisis of 2009 do to China?

Answer 3

The collapse in international export markets that came with it damaged their exports, but the economy quickly returned to growth.

Question 4

What did the debt crisis in the Eurozone do to China?

Answer 4

The Eurozone is one of the biggest markets for Chinese goods, and so this hindered China’s growth by early 2012.

Question 5

Why has China’s relations with trading partners been strained?

Answer 5

Because of their trade surplus and the piracy of goods.

Question 6

What are China’s main exports?

Answer 6

Manufactured goods including textiles, garments, electronics and arms.

Question 7

Why did economic expansion rise for China in the 1990s?

Answer 7

Because of mass privatisation and because they opened up to inward FDI.

Firms built factories in China, taking advantage of low labour costs.

Question 8

Which country is China the main trading partner of?

Answer 8

Japan, increasingly important to companies such as Sony, Honda and Toyota.

Question 9

What has Chinese demand caused increase in prices for?

Answer 9

Commodities like copper, for ables in rapidly growing cities and infrastructure.

Theres also demand for Europe’s luxury goods makers in gift-giving culture.

Question 10

What has high growth done to the overall wealth of the Chinese population?

Answer 10

Increased it, especially in cities where factory worker’s wages have risen, so they have more disposable income. However earnings of those in the countryside has not risen as quickly, but has still been an increase in disposable income nonetheless.

Question 11

What resource is China the largest consumer of?

Answer 11

• Largest oil consumer after the US
• World’s biggest producer and consumer of coal.

Question 12

What is an example of China investing heavily in hydro-power?

Answer 12

Spent $25 billion on Three Gorges Dam project.

Question 13

How is there poor environmental policy in China?

Answer 13

There’s been no promise of tough powers for China’s environmental authorities, officials have only promised to reduce pollution.

Question 14

What would reducing pollution in China mean for firms?

Answer 14

It imposes costs on industries that have to become greener. Those which are private firms face huge competition and cannot afford the extra costs, meaning they might have to reduce the size of their workforce, which is politically difficult.

Question 15

What has China done to provide electricity for all new factories and growth in cities? What has this led to?

Answer 15

Thousands of extra power stations, which has led to higher pollution levels, especially from their numerous coal-fired stations.

Question 16

What has become the biggest source of anger against Chinese politics as their economy has grown?

Answer 16

Corruption. There has been resentment against perks of office like banquets, expense accounts + lavish gifts.

Question 17

What is the population of India?

Answer 17

1.417 billion.

Question 18

What are the main industries of India? [6]

Answer 18

• Iron + steel
• Textiles
• Sugar
• Cement
• Paper
• Banking + Insurance

Question 19

What was the economic growth of India between 2023-24?

Answer 19

8.15%.

Question 20

What are the poverty levels of India?

Answer 20

Extreme poverty; 10.2%
Rural poverty; 11.6%

Question 21

What is the Gini coefficient in India?

Answer 21

0.35

Question 22

What is the population of China?

Answer 22

1.42 billion.

Question 23

What are main industries of China? [2]

Answer 23

• Manufacturing
• Technology + Electronics

Question 24

What is the Gini coefficient of China?

Answer 24

0.37

Question 25

What is economic growth like in China?

Answer 25

Very high but slowing eventually.

Question 26

What has happened to living standards in China?

Answer 26

They have increased for all.

Question 27

What is income distribution like for China?

Answer 27

Still massive inequality, with poorest 20% receiving 4.7% of total income.

Question 28

What is healthcare + education like in China?

Answer 28

It had been completely free when the country was completely communist, but now citizens have to pay for access to healthcare.

Question 29

How has FDI been a major aspect of China's growth?

Answer 29

Has facilitated technology transfer which fuelled growth in technological/research areas.

Question 30

Why does China want to reduce State owned enterprises?

Answer 30

As they are not profitable.

Question 31

What are some issues China have for the future? [9]

Answer 31

- Doubts over sustainability of growth rates - Unsustainable public sector - Rising food prices - Car ownership increase without infrastructure to keep up - Water shortages - Increasing imports of raw materials - Welfare system is unfair, only accessible in city where registered - Aging population - Political fall outs (USA) which can affect trade

Question 32

How did the British Colonia rule damage economic growth in India?

Answer 32

Their implementation of trade restrictions.

Question 33

When did India gain independence? What did this lead to?

Answer 33

In 1947, leading to socialist aims from government wanting to raise standards of living.

Question 34

How did India become very bureaucratic with their decisions? [2]

Answer 34

- Businesses had to get permission to close as well as open - Heavy restrictions on imports + protection of domestic industries

Question 35

When were many controls on businesses lifted in India?

Answer 35

In the 90s, making a free economy.

Question 36

What is labour output like in India?

Answer 36

Has become low, with limited investment in agriculture.

Question 37

Which sector has India seen growth in?

Answer 37

The IT sector, with a high number of English speaking graduates.

Question 38

What is FDI like in India?

Answer 38

Relatively low compared to other BRIC countries, so government is trying to attract more investment.

Question 39

What are the problems that India still faces? [4]

Answer 39

- 25% of Indians live below the poverty line - Still bureaucratic with regulated markets stopping natural equilibrium and controlled food prices giving farmers little incentive to invest - Subsidies still very expensive - Financial sector poorly developed

Question 40

What is Africa's average growth?

Answer 40

Is the 2nd fastest growing region with average growth over 5%.

Question 41

What is happening to poverty in Africa?

Answer 41

It is falling, more Africans are considered consumers.

Question 42

What is happening to education in Africa?

Answer 42

Is improving with 40% now having secondary or tertiary education.

Question 43

Why are there limited jobs in Africa?

Answer 43

Due to population growth, youth unemployment is very high.

Question 44

How much of Chinese aid did Africa receive in 2009?

Answer 44

45.7%

Question 45

What has been the consequence of rapid population growth?

Answer 45

Complicated efforts to reduce poverty, hunger + environmental damage.

Question 46

What sector is Africa heavily reliant upon?

Answer 46

Primary, with South Africa's mining industry accounting for 60% of exports.

Question 47

What is wealth and government like in Africa?

Answer 47

There are 54 countries with huge variations.