314 exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Neuro Assessment
A
Evaluation of mental state and sensation.
2
Q
Sensory Nervous System
A
Receives sensory input from the environment, senses changes through sensory receptors
3
Q
Motor Nervous System
A
Delivers motor output to muscles by responding to stimuli.
4
Q
Integrative Nervous System
A
Processes sensory information and makes decisions.
5
Q
Central Nervous System
A
Receives sensory input and delivers motor output
6
Q
Peripheral Nervous System
A
Connects CNS to limbs and organs.
7
Q
Somatic Nervous System
A
Controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements.
8
Q
Autonomic Nervous System
A
Regulates involuntary bodily functions.
9
Q
Sympathetic Nervous System
A
Fight or flight, smooth muscle
10
Q
Parasympathetic Nervous System
A
Promotes rest and digest activities, cardiac muscle, glands
11
Q
Enteric Nervous System
A
Manages gastrointestinal functions independently.
12
Q
Cerebrovascular Accident
A
Sudden neurological dysfunction due to blood flow issues.
13
Q
Transient Ischemic Attack
A
Temporary stroke-like symptoms, usually resolves quickly.
14
Q
Alzheimer’s Disease
A
Progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting memory.
15
Q
Glasgow Coma Scale
A
Measures level of consciousness through eye, verbal, motor responses.
16
Q
What does a 1 indicate for the glasgow coma scale
A
No eye opening, no verbal response, no motor response
17
Q
What does a 6 indicate for the glasgow coma scale
A
Open spontaneously, oriented, obeys commands
18
Q
Full Consciousness
A
Patient is alert and responsive to commands.
19
Q
Lethargic
A
Patient is drowsy but can be awakened.
20
Q
Obtunded
A
Patient requires constant stimulation to respond.
21
Q
Stuporous
A
Patient responds only to painful stimuli.
22
Q
Comatose
A
Patient does not respond to any stimuli.
23
Q
Dermatome
A
Skin area innervated by specific spinal nerve.
24
Q
Hemiplegia
A
Paralysis of one side of the body.
25
Paraplegia
Paralysis of lower half of the body.
26
Quadriplegia
Paralysis of all four limbs.
27
Monoplegia
Paralysis of one limb.
28
Mood
Sustained emotional state of an individual.
29
Affect
Observable expression of emotional state.
30
Delirium
Acute confusion with rapid onset and cognitive changes.
31
Dementia
Progressive decline in cognitive function.
32
Primary dementia
Irreversible cognitive decline not caused by another disease.
33
Secondary dementia
Cognitive decline resulting from another pathological process.
34
Common types of dementia
Includes Alzheimer's, vascular, and Lewy body dementia.
35
How do we treat delirium
As a medical emergency
36
What is the most important question to ask clients with a depressed mood or affect
Are you thinking of hurting yourself
37
What are signs or symptoms of delirium
Rapid onset, incoherence of thought and speech, restlessness, confusions, illusions, hallucinations, hyperactivity, psycotic symptoms
38
Cranial nerves in order: Only one of the two athletes felt very good victorious and healthy
Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal
39
Which cranial nerves are sensory nerves: Some say marry money but my big brother says brains matter most
I, II, IX
40
Which cranial nerves are motor nerves: Some say marry money but my big brother says brains matter most
III, IV, VI, XI, XII
41
Which cranial nerves are sensory and motor nerves: Some say marry money but my big brother says brains matter most
V, VII, VIII, X
42
How do you test cranial nerves 3,4,6
Follow finger movement with eyes
43
How do you test the trigeminal nerve
Place fingers on pts face and see if it feels the same on each side, feel temporalis and masseter muscles, move jaw side to side
44
How do you assess the facial nerve
Lift eyebrows, close eyes tight, puff cheeks, smile
45
How do you assess the hypoglossal nerve
Have pt stick out tongue and move side to side
46
How do you assess the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves
Elevation of soft palate, test gag reflex
47
How do you assess the accessory nerve
Turn head towards provider's hand
48
How do you test the vestibulocochlear nerve
Finger rub test on both sides, webber test, rinne test
49
What is the assessment for pupils
PERRLA
50
How do you assess pupil response
1. Dim lights
2. Ask pt to look at object in distance
3. Use penlight to shine light into eyes from each side
4. Watch pupils closely to determine if they constrict in response to light making note of shape/size
5. Check for consensual response
51
What are abnormal pupil responses
-One dilated (due to compressed nerve 3)
-Pupils are fast or slow to respond to light
-Pinpoint pupils (medical emergency)
52
If someone is taking opioids what size would their pupils be
1mm
53
When should you call the provider regarding pupils
When they change in size from baseline, pupils no longer respond to light
54
What are the 5 specialized neurological assessments
1. Cranial nerves
2. Reflexes
3. National institutes of health stroke scale
4. Specialized medication released assessment
5. Swallowing
55
What is the assessment for hair
Assess distribution, quality, thinness, observe hair color, assess scalp for wounds/cleanliness
56
What are hair abnormalities
-Alopecia
-Infestations
-Hair
shaft abnormalities
-Trichotillomania (missing hair bc of anxiety/stress)
57
What to assess in the eyes
Color, pain, itching, discharge
58
What to assess in ears
Assess external canal for redness, drainage, swelling, pain
59
What to assess in the nose
Look into the nasal cavity for swelling, structural deformorities, drainage, color abnormalities
60
What to assess for the mouth
Lips, teeth, mucosa, gums, palpate the pharynx, look for any signs of thrush
61
What to asses for the trachea and lympth nodes
Gently palpate neck to assess lympth nodes and trachea, palpate lympth nodes for inflammation, assess trachea
62
Is a deviated trachea a medical emergency
Yes, because it affects breathing
63
Cranial nerve 1
Olfactory (sensory nerve) smell
64
65
Cranial nerve 2
optic (sensory) nerve; vision
66
Cranial nerve 3
Oculomotor (motor nerve), eye movement, adjusting lens, pupil constriction
67
Cranial nerve 4
Trochlear (motor nerve) moves eyeball works with CN 3
68
Cranial nerve 5
Trigeminal (Sensory/motor) responsible for touch, pain, thermal sensation, muscles for facial expression, secretion of saliva and tears
69
Cranial nerve 6
Abducens (motor nerve) eye movements works with CN3/4
70
Cranial nerve 7
Facial (sensory/motor) taste, touch, pain, thermal sensation, muscles for facial expression, secretion of saliva and tears
71
Cranial nerve 8
Audio/vestibulocochlear (sensory) hearing and equilibrium
72
73
Cranial nerve 9
Glossopharyngeal (sensory/motor) taste, swallowing propreception, monitoring bp, o2/co2 levels, touch, pain, thermal sensation (ears/throat) saliva secretion
74
75
Cranial nerve 10
Vagus (sensory/motor) tastse of epiglottis, propreception of throat/voicebox muscles, monitor bp, o2/co2 levels, touch, pain, thermal sensation of ear, swallowing, vocalization, coughing, autonomic motility of secretions of gastrointestinal organs, construction of resp pathways, decrease HR
76
Cranial nerve 11
Accessory (motor) movement of head
77
Cranial nerve 12
Hypoglossal (motor) speech, manipulation of food, swallowinga
78
What is the Broca's area responsible for and where is it located
Language production (left side of brain)
79
Where is the Wernicke's area, and what is it responsible for
Left side of the brain, language comprehension
80
What is Broca's aphasia
Form of expressive aphasia, no issue understanding speech, struggle to form complete sentences, have awareness
81
What is Wernicke's aphasia
A form of receptive aphasia, difficultly understanding speech, form complete sentences, but with jumbled words, may lack awareness
82
Sterognosis
Ability to determine shape, size, weight, texture, form of a familiar object by manipulating it
83
Graphesthesia
Ability to determine outlines, numbers, words, symbols, traced on skin
84
what is the course, duration, and consciousness for delirium
Fluctuating, hours-weeks, altered
85
what is the course, duration, and consciousness for dementia
Progressive, months-years, usually clear
86
what is the course, duration, and consciousness for depression
May be chronic, months-years, clear
87
Exophtalmos
Protruding eyes
88
Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
Inflammation of conjunctiva, usually bacteria
89
Hordeolum (stye)
Localized staphylococcal infection of hair follicles
90
Subconjunctival hemmorage
Increased IOP, coughing, vomitting, weightlifting, childbirth, straining at stool, trauma
91
Myopia
Nearsightedness
92
Hyperopia
Farsightedness
93
Astigmatism
refraction of light causes blurred or double vision
94
Nystagmus
Eye doesn't track smoothly
95
Tinnitus
ringing of the ear
96
Vertigo
Balance and equilibrium is off
97
Conductive hearing loss
Obstruction of sound wave transmission, caused by fluid in your middle ear, ear infection, hole in eardrum, earwax
98
Sensorineural hearing loss
Inner ear or auditory nerve is damaged, caused by illness, medications, aging, genetic disorders, music too loud in ear
99
What does it mean if you have a positive romberg test
You may sway and fall, balance is off
100
Epistaxis
nose bleed
101
rhinitis
nasal inflammation, congestion
102
rhinorrhea
nasal discharge
103
sinusitis
inflammation of the sinuses, pain on cheeks and gums
104
nasal polyp
non painful overgrowth of nasal mucosa
105
Anosmia
decrease or loss of smell, occurs bilaterally with tobacco, smoking, allergies, cocaine use
