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Coasts > 3.1.3.2 Systems and processes > Flashcards

3.1.3.2 Systems and processes Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the sources of sediment

A
  • rivers (90%)
  • cliff erosion (5%)
  • offshore bars (5%)
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2
Q

Define tides

A

The periodic rise and fall of the ocean surface

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3
Q

Define currents

A

Permanent or seasonal movement of surface water

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of currents?

A
  • longshore drift
  • rip currents
  • upwelling
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5
Q

Define a spring tide

A

When the earth, sun and moon align and the highest tidal ranges are produced

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6
Q

Define a neap tide

A

When the earth, sun and moon are at right angles and the lowest tidal ranges are produced

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7
Q

Wave height of a constructive wave

A

Less than 1m

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8
Q

Wavelength of a constructive wave

A

Up to 100m

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9
Q

Wave period of a constructive wave

A

8-10 seconds

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10
Q

Define wave period

A

Time taken for a wave to travel one wavelength

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11
Q

Wave frequency of a constructive wave

A

6-9 per minute

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12
Q

Define wave frequency

A

Amount of waves passing a single point per minute

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13
Q

What is the wave movement of a constructive wave

A

Elliptical

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14
Q

What is the swash and backwash of a constructive wave

A
  • strong swash
  • weak backwash
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15
Q

What is the impact of constructive waves on the beach profile

A

Gentle slopes

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16
Q

What is the wave frequency of destructive waves

A

11-15 per minute

17
Q

What is the wave movement of a destructive wave

A

Circular

18
Q

What is the swash and backwash of a destructive wave

A
  • weak swash
  • strong backwash
19
Q

What is the wavelength of a destructive wave

A

20m

20
Q

What is the height of a destructive wave

A

Over 1m

21
Q

What is the wave period of a destructive wave

A

5-6 seconds

22
Q

How many sediment cells are in UK and Wales

A

11

23
Q

Define a sediment cell

A

Closed system, defined stretches of coastline which maintain the majority of sediment, defined by prominent physical features.

24
Q

What are the 5 main ways to erode a coastline

A
  • abrasion
  • hydraulic action
  • quarrying
  • solution
  • attrition
25
Q

Define abrasion

A

Rocks transported by the water smashing against the cliffs

26
Q

Define hydraulic action

A

Air in cracks is compressed when waves crash in. This pressure breaks off the rock.

27
Q

Define quarrying

A

The force of the wave against the rock

28
Q

Define solution

A

Soluble rocks being dissolved

29
Q

Define attrition

A

Bits of rock smash against each other in the water and break into smaller parts.

30
Q

Factors effecting rate of erosion

A
  • width of beach
  • fetch of the waves
  • type of rock in the cliffs
31
Q

Define lithology

A

Chemical composition of the rock

Coasts (5 decks)

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