3.1.3: Transport In Plants Flashcards
What are stomata?
Small openings on the surfaces of leaves that allow for gas exchange.
Stomata facilitate the diffusion of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and the evaporation of water.
What are guard cells?
Cells that control the opening and closing of stomata.
Guard cells swell and bend to open stomata when the plant has sufficient water.
What is xylem?
Tissue in plants that transports water and mineral ions.
Xylem cells are dead, hollow, and lack organelles, forming a continuous column.
What is the structure of xylem cells?
Dead and hollow cells without organelles or end walls.
This structure allows for efficient water transport.
What is transpiration?
The evaporation of water through the stomata of leaves.
Transpiration helps regulate water loss and facilitates nutrient transport.
How do adhesion and cohesion relate to water transport in plants?
Adhesion is the attraction between water molecules and xylem walls; cohesion is the attraction between water molecules themselves.
These properties help water move through the xylem.
What role does lignin play in xylem?
It strengthens the xylem wall and makes it waterproof.
Lignin allows xylem to withstand the negative pressure during water transport.
What happens to guard cells when a plant has a lot of water?
They swell and bend, causing the stomata to open.
This process allows for gas exchange and water loss control.
Fill in the blank: Water molecules are cohesively attracted due to _______.
[intermolecular forces].
These forces include dipole interactions that contribute to high surface tension.
What effect does temperature have on transpiration?
Increased temperature speeds up transpiration by providing water molecules with more kinetic energy.
Higher temperatures lead to faster evaporation rates.
How does wind influence transpiration?
Wind increases the rate of transpiration by carrying away evaporated water molecules, enhancing the concentration gradient.
This results in more rapid gas exchange and water loss.
What conditions cause stomata to open more frequently?
Light and turgid plant cells.
Stomata typically open in response to light for photosynthesis.
