313 - Oral anatomy Flashcards
Know the structure and function of oral and dental anatomy in relation to patient assessment
What is the soft palate and its function?
A flap of soft tissue attached to the back of the hard palate. It seals off the oral cavity from the nasal cavity during swallowing.
What are the main functions of the tongue?
Speech
Taste
Aids mastication/swallowing
Cleansing
2 main disorders of the tongue
Glossitis (soreness and inflammation of the tongue)
Dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing)
How does the deciduous/primary dentition differ from the secondary set?
The primary dentition only has 2 molars as opposed to 3 and no pre-molars present
What is enamel?
A highly calcified tissue covering the whole crown of the tooth - the hardest substance in the body
What is dentine?
A less calcified tissue than enamel, which forms the inner bulk of the crown and root.
What is the cementum?
A thin calcified covering of the root dentine only
What is the pulp?
The inner neurovascular tissue of the tooth, within the central pulp chamber
What is the ADJ?
Amelodentinal junction - the junction/boundary between the enamel and dentine layers
What are the cells called that form enamel?
Ameloblast Cells - these lie at the ADJ
What are the cells called that form dentine?
Odontoblast cells
How many teeth are there in a deciduous set?
20 teeth
How many roots in deciduous upper molars?
Three
How many roots in deciduous lower molars?
Two
How many roots in upper and lower deciduous incisors and canines?
One
How many teeth in a permanent set?
32 teeth, 16 in each jaw
Number of roots on upper and lower permanent incisors, canines and premolars?
One, except the upper first premolar which has 2 roots.
Number of roots on all upper permanent molars?
Three
Number of roots on all lower permanent molars?
Two
What age do permanent teeth begin erupting?
Around 6 years, all except the 3rd molars should be present by 13 years.
What age do deciduous teeth begin erupting?
Around 6 months and should all be present by about 29 months.
What is the alveolar bone?
Specialised ridge of bone over the bony arch of each jaw, where the teeth sit in their sockets
What is the periodontal ligament?
Connective tissue attachment between the tooth and the alveolar bone
What is the alveolar process?
The horseshoe shaped ridge of bone of the mandible and maxilla
