3.1.3 Bonding

Question 1

What are the two types of electron pairs?

Answer 1

1. Lone pairs
2. Bonding pairs

Question 2

Stems by number of carbons

1) 1 carbon = ?
2) 2 carbons = ?
3) 3 carbons = ?
4) 4 carbons = ?
5) 5 carbons = ?
6) 6 carbons = ?

Answer 2

1) Meth-
2) Eth-
3) Prop-
4) But-
5) Pent-
6) Hex-

Question 3

What are hydrocarbons?

Answer 3

Molecules containing hydrogen and carbon only

Question 4

For alkanes, the boiling point ______ as the carbon chain length increases.

Answer 4

Increases

Question 5

What can we do to long chain alkanes to produce shorter alkanes?

Answer 5

We can crack long chain alkanes.

Question 6

Why are alkanes non-polar molecules?

Answer 6

Because the electronegativity of C(2.5) and H(2.1) are very similar.

Question 7

What is electronegativity?

Answer 7

The ability of an element/atom to attract electron density in a covalent bond towards itself.

Question 8

Why are alkanes not soluble in water?

Answer 8

Water molecules are held together by stronger hydrogen bonds which are much stronger than the van der waals between the alkane molecules.

Question 9

Why does boiling point in alkanes increase?

Answer 9

As carbon chain length increases, and alkanes get larger there are more electrons and increase of van der waals forces.

Question 10

What is a dipole?

Answer 10

A difference in charge between the two atoms caused by a shift in electron density in the bond.