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Computer Science > 3.1.15 Database Concepts > Flashcards

3.1.15 Database Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

what database satisfies these requirements:

data is gathered, collated and analysed?

A

relational database

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2
Q

what is a table?

A

a two-dimensional representation of data (stored in rows and columns)

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3
Q

how many tables does a flat file database have?

A

only 1 table

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4
Q

how many tables does a relational database have?

A

several tables linked together

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5
Q

what is a relational database?

A

a database structured to recognise relations between stored items of information.

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6
Q

why does each table need a new name?

relational database

A

so that the database management systems can be found in the right table

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7
Q

What is the standard user interface to any relational database?

A

structured query language (SQL)

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8
Q

why is SQL used?

A

for the purpose of:
- retrieving information from a relational database
and
- for gathering data for reports

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9
Q

what is the benefit of a relational database over a flat file database?

A

it’s straightforward to extend

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10
Q

what does RDBMS stand for?

A

Relational DataBase Management System

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11
Q

what are the 3 basic components of RDBMS?

A
  • a store
  • a method of creating and retrieving data
  • a method of ensuring that data is logically consistent
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12
Q

what is a table also referred to in a relational database?

A

‘relation’

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13
Q

what does a relation store and in what structure?

A

a two-dimensional structure use to store RELATED information

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14
Q

what does a relational database consist of?

A

2 or more related tables

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15
Q

what is a record? {3}

A
  • a complete single set of information
  • comprised of fields
  • a set of records creates a file
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16
Q

what is a row within a relation?

A

one record

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17
Q

what does a column within a database table contain?

A

all the information of a single type

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18
Q

what types of data are columns formatted to accept?

A

(such as:)

  • integers
  • Booleans
  • decimals (real)
  • strings
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19
Q

what is a field?

A

a single piece of data that can be retrieved from a database
(like a cell in a spreadsheet)

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20
Q

what piece of information is a field in an SQL and what does it form part of?

A

it is the smallest piece of information

forms part of an individual record

21
Q

what is a database query?

A

a question you put to the database

22
Q

what is the outcome of a query?

A

the information that’s returned by the database to answer the question

23
Q

how are queries created

A

using SQL which looks like high-level programming language

24
Q

every table in a relational database should contain how many primary keys?

A

1 or more columns that are assigned as the primary key

25
Q

what is the crucial fact for the primary key to work?

A

the value it holds must be unique for each of the records within the table

26
Q

how do data relationships work?

A

by comparing data in key fields between fields that have corresponding names in linked tables
(basically: by comparing the primary key with the foreign key)

27
Q

the fields contain the _______ ___ for one of the _____, which then supplies…

A

the fields contain the PRIMARY KEY for one of the TABLES, which then supplies THE UNIQUE IDENTIFIER FOR EACH RECORD AND THE ‘FOREIGN’ KEY IN THE OTHER TABLE

28
Q

what is the foreign key?

A

a collection of attributes intended to match the primary key of a different table

29
Q

how is a link established between 2 tables?

foreign key

A

by adding the column that holds the primary key in the 1st table to the 2nd table (becomes foreign key in 2nd table)

30
Q

3.1.15.1 Query methods (SQL)

A

press 5 to move on

31
Q

what are all SQL codes written in the form of?

A

a query statement and this is ‘executed’ against a database

32
Q

SQL queries perform…

A

a data operation (e.g selecting, inserting/updating, or creating data objects)

33
Q

what does every query statement begin with? {4}

A
  • DELETE
  • CREATE
  • SELECT
  • UPDATE
34
Q

SQL databases can be created on…

A

a single machine

35
Q

often large databases…

A

are shared between users

36
Q

how are large databases shared?

A

by installing them on a dedicated server

37
Q

3.1.15.2 Connecting to databases from applications and web-based apps

A

press 5 to move on

38
Q

2 web-based programming languages

A

SQL and PHP

39
Q

other web-based languages:

A

ASP,
ASP.NET,
Perl and JSP

40
Q

by storing data in web-based applications, what have new technologies led to?

A

‘distributed applications’

41
Q

distributed applications…

A

have many parts that are stored on virtual machines

42
Q

do the virtual machines have to be on the same systems?

A

no they can be on the same or different systems

43
Q

(virtual machines can be on different systems) what does this allow?

A

allows smartphones to access the same resources as desktop computers

44
Q

what are the 2 kinds of distributed software?

A
  • web-based

- client-server

45
Q

what is web-based software?

A

allows companies to only pay for what they need and to grow into the system without large upfront costs

(usually paid for on a subscription/ usage basis)

46
Q

what is client-server software?

A

usually paid for upfront and the initial cost of the system can be high

47
Q

advantages of client-server networks over web-based applications: {3}

A
  • you are in control of upgrades and don’t have to update to the latest versions if you don’t want to
  • you have to manage your systems and pay for the technical support
  • applications tend to run faster when they’re local to the user’s computer
48
Q

check your understanding question:

what is a database? {2 marks}

A

databases use a series of tables to store data. a table is a 2-dimensional representation of data stored in rows and columns

49
Q

check your understanding question:

how does a relational database differ from a flat file database?

A

a flat file database has 1 table, similar to a spreadsheet. a relational database has multiple linked tables

Computer Science (11 decks)

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