✅3.1.1.1 - Water and Carbon Cycles as Natural Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a system?

A

An assemblage of interrelated parts that work together by way of some driving force

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2
Q

What are elements?

A

Things that make up the system

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3
Q

What are attributes?

A

The characteristics of the elements eg hot/cold

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4
Q

What are relationships?

A

Descriptions of how the various elements work together to carry out some sort of process

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5
Q

What are flows/transfers?

A

A link between one store or component and another, along something which moves

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6
Q

What is a system boundary?

A

The edge of the system, the interface or line between one system and another

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7
Q

What is an input?

A

A point where something is added to the system

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8
Q

What is an output?

A

A point where something is removed from the system

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9
Q

What is a store/component?

A

A part of the system where something is held for a period of time

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10
Q

What is an open system?

A

One which can exchange energy and matter with its surroundings, input and outputs eg the coastal system

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11
Q

What is a closed system?

A

One which cannot exchange matter with its surroundings, but can exchange energy eg the water cycle

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12
Q

What is feedback?

A

When inputs or outputs suddenly change and stores are forced to change to restore equilibrium

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13
Q

What are the 5 subsystems within the Earth as a closed system?

A
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Cryosphere
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
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14
Q

How to the 5 subsytems interact?

A

Each operates as an open system with interlocking relationships, known as a cascading system

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15
Q

What is an isolated system?

A

One which has no interactions with anything outside the system boundary, no exchange of energy or matter

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16
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

Where the effects of an action are amplified or multiplied by subsequent knock on or secondary effects

17
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

Where the effects of an action are nullified by its subsequent knock on effects

18
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

The air

19
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

The geology

20
Q

What is the hydrosphere?

A

The water

21
Q

What is the cryosphere?

A

The ice

22
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

All the organic life