3.1.1 Gas Exchange in Mammals Flashcards
Pulmonary Artery
takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
pulmonary vein
takes oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
trachea
muscular tube connecting mouth to bronchi
lined with ciliates epithelial cells with goblet cells supported by C rings of cartilage
diaphragm
muscle that sits at the base of the chest (separates organs)
contracts and flattens when inhale creating a vacuum effect that pulls air into the lungs
relaxes when exhale and air is pushed out of the lungs
bronchi
similar to trachea but with smaller diameter
also supported by cartilage and has ciliates epithelium
bronchioles
smallest bronchi divide into this
no cartilage
held open by elasticity of surrounding tissue
smooth muscle allowing diameter to be controlled
alveoli
exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the bloodstream
goblet cells
lines airlines that secrete mucus
mucus traps microorganisms and dust particles in the inhaled air (trachea and bronchi)
cilia
beats mucus moving it upwards away from the alveoli towards the throat where it is swallowed
helps prevent lung infections
elastic fibres
trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
help exhalation
breathing in the lungs inflate and the elastic fibres are stretched. fibres recoil to push the air out when exhaling
smooth muscle
trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
allows diameter to be controlled
during exercise the smooth muscle relaxed making the tubes wider reduce ong resistance to airflow
rings of cartilage
trachea and bronchi
provides support
strong but flexible > stops trachea from collapsing when you breathe in, pressure drops
tidal volume
the volume of air in each breath, usually about 0.4dm^3
vital capacity
the maximum volume of air that can be breathed in or out
breathing rate
how many breaths are taken, usually per minute
