3.1.1 CNS & neurotransmitters Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the central nervous system made up of ?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What is the nervous system made up of ?

A

Brain, spinal cord and network of neurons

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3
Q

What is the central nervous system responsible for ?

A

Sending, receiving and interpreting information from all parts of the body

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4
Q

What is the nervous system responsible for ?

A

Monitoring and coordinating internal organ functions and responds to changes in the external environment

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5
Q

What is the two parts of the nervous system ?

A

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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6
Q

What is the brain responsible for ?

A

Processing and interpreting sensory information from the spinal cord

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7
Q

What is the spinal cord responsible for ?

A

Reflex actions

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8
Q

What is the outer layer of the brain ?

A

Cerebral cortex

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9
Q

What sends information via the spinal cord to the brain ?

A

Nerves in our body

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10
Q

How do neurons in the brain pass messages ?

A

Through electrical impulses

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11
Q

What is the function of a neutron ?

A

Receive and transmit messages in the brain in response to information received from the rest of the body

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12
Q

How are signals passed to the next neuron ?

A

By diffusing across a synapse

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13
Q

What is the function of dendrites ?

A

To carry impulses from neighbouring neurons

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14
Q

What is role of the axon ?

A

To pass electrical impulses to the axon terminals

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15
Q

What does the cell body (soma) carry ?

A

Genetic material

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16
Q

What is the myelin sheath ?

A

A fatty layer, glial cells wrapped around the axon

17
Q

What is the axon hillock ?

A

Where the nerve impulse if triggered from

18
Q

What is the function of the axon terminal ?

A

To pas nerve impulses from the cell body to parts of the body they control / activate

19
Q

What is the function of the vesicles ?

A

Storing neurotransmitters ready for the next stage of neural transmission

20
Q

What is action potential ?

A

Electrical impulse that is triggered by a change in electrical potential of the neuron

21
Q

What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron ?

A

-70mV

22
Q

What is depolarisation ?

A

Negative to positive charge switch rapidly

23
Q

What are the steps of synaptic transmission ?

A
  1. Vesicles release neurotransmitters
  2. Diffuse across synaptic cleft
  3. Match to receptors on post synaptic neuron
  4. Chemical signal converted back to electrical signal
  5. Neurotransmitters molecules reabsorbed into presynaptic neurons through transporters
24
Q

What are transporters ?

A

Proteins

25
Q

What might fire another action potential during synaptic transmission ?

A

If the threshold for depolarisation is reached

26
Q

What does excitatory mean ?

A

Increases positive charge of post synaptic neuron making action potential more likely to fire

27
Q

What does inhibitory mean ?

A

Increases negative charge of post synaptic neuron making action potential less likely to fire

28
Q

What are examples of neurotransmitters ?

A

Dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, acetylcholine

29
Q

What is the sensory neuron ?

A

Carries messages from the sensory receptors along nerves in PNS to CNS

30
Q

What is the motor neuron ?

A

Carries messages from CNS along nerve to PNS to effectors in body

31
Q

What is the relay neuron ?

A

Connects the sensory and motor neurons together