3.11 ATP

Question 1

Why do cells require energy? (3 things)

Answer 1

1. for transport
2. for movement
3. synthesis

Question 2

What does ATP stand for

Answer 2

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 3

What is an ATP molecule composed of

Answer 3

1. a nitrogenous base (which is always ADENINE)
2. pentose sugar
3. 3 phosphate groups
   Therefore, a nucleotide

Question 4

Why is ATP known as the universal energy currency

Answer 4

Because it’s used for energy transfer in the cells of all living things

Question 5

When is ATP released

Answer 5

When bonds are formed, as energy is needed to break them

Question 6

What type of reaction is needed to break the weak bond of the last phosphate group

Answer 6

hydrolysis reaction (+water)

Question 7

What specifically releases energy when ATP is used in a reaction

Answer 7

ATP + H20 —> ADP + P + energy

ADP = adenosine diphosphate
P + inorganic phosphate ion

Question 8

Why are fats and carbohydrates a better energy store for long-term use

Answer 8

Because of the instability of the phosphate bonds in ATP

Question 9

What is phosphorylation

Answer 9

When a third phosphate is added to ADP (adenosine DI-phosphate). This occurs when fats and carbs are broken down to create more ATP.

Question 10

Is phosphorylation a hydrolysis or condensation reaction

Answer 10

Condensation because water is removed

Question 11

Why is ATP is a good immediate energy store

Answer 11

ATP is rapidly reformed by the phosphorylation of ADP; Because of the interconversion of ATP & ADP, cells don’t need a large amount of ATP

Question 12

What are the properties of ATP

Answer 12

1. small - moves in and out of cells easily
2. water soluble - energy-requiring reactions happen in aqueous solutions
3. releases energy in small quantities
4. easily regenerated
5. contains bonds between phosphates with intermediate energy - large enough to be useful but not to waste heat