3.1.1-Atomic Structure Fundamental Particles

Question 1

What are the three subatomic particles and their relative charge

Answer 1

Proton 1+
Neutron 0
Electron 1-

Question 2

What is the relative mass for an electron?

Answer 2

1/1840

Question 3

What are isotopes?

Answer 3

Particles with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons

Question 4

The relative mass is 1 for which subatomic particle(s)?

Answer 4

Proton and Neutron

Question 5

Why do isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties?

Answer 5

They have the same electron configuration.

Question 6

What are particles with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons called?

Answer 6

Isotopes

Question 7

What is a cation?

Answer 7

An atom that has lost electrons so that there are more protons than electrons.

Question 8

What is an anion?

Answer 8

An atom that has gained electrons so that there are more electrons than protons.

Question 9

What is an atom that has lost electrons so that there are more protons than electrons called.

Answer 9

Cation

Question 10

What is an atom that has gained electrons so that there are more electrons than protons called?

Answer 10

Anion

Question 11

What is ‘mass number’?

Answer 11

The mass number is equal to the number of protons and neutrons combined.

Question 12

What charge does an atom have?

Answer 12

Neutral

Question 13

What is ‘atomic number’?

Answer 13

The atomic number is equal to the number of protons

Question 14

How do you work out the number of neutrons in an atom?

Answer 14

Mass number - Atomic number

Question 15

How many electrons does an Al 3+ ion

Answer 15

10

Question 16

Rutherford fired He 2+ ions at a gold sheet. What did he observe at point P?

Answer 16

When the He2+ ions arrived at point P he concluded that most of the atom as empty space.

Question 17

Rutherford fired He 2+ ions at a gold sheet. A very small number of the He2+ ions where detected at point Q. What did this show?

Answer 17

He concluded that the atom must have a small positive nucleus.

Question 18

Describe Rutherford’s experiment.

Answer 18

Rutherford fired He2+ ions at a sheet of gold foil.
When most He2+ ions passed through he concluded that most of the atom as empty space.
A very small number of the He2+ ions were repelled.
He concluded that the atom must have a small positive nucleus.

Question 19

What is the key difference between the Thompson’s model and Bohr’s model?

Answer 19

The Bohr model has:
A small positive nucleus
The electrons surround the nucleus in energy shells

Question 20

Describe the Bohr Model

Answer 20

• Protons and neutrons are found in the centre of the atom called the nucleus.
• Protons and neutrons can also be called nucleons.
• Electrons orbit around the nucleus in shells or energy levels.

Question 21

Describe the plum pudding model.

Answer 21

The plum pudding model has electrons surrounded by a volume of positive charge, like negatively charged “plums” embedded in a positively charged “pudding”