310 exam 1 Flashcards
what is Nightingale’s nursing practice focused on?
the relationship of clients to their surroundings, as their health was related to environment
what did Nightingale recognize?
the importance of clean air, water, ventilation, sunlight
what did Florence Nightengale do?
collected data on morbidity and mortality “statistician”, improved sanitary conditions, decreased deaths by 2/3
who would ask, how can I adjust the patient’s environment to improve their health?
Florence Nightengale
clean air, water, ventilation, sun
what are Nightengale’s influences on today’s nursing
schools/structure nursing training
hospice care
infection control
data collection
epidemiology
who was the first to formalize nursing education?
Florence Nightengale
who was the Angle of Battlefield Cross?
Clara Barton
who founded Planned Parenthood?
Margeret Sangen
who ran a hostel during the Crimean war, cared for military, trained nurses, and contributed to hospital reform?
Mary Seacole
who was the 1st public health nurse? and the 1st woman to provide care outside the hospital?
Lillian Wald
who created the Need Theory?
Virginia Henderson
what is the Need Theory?
14 basic needs, meeting patient needs when they can’t on their own. focuses on increasing independence
how was Lillian Wald instrumental to nursing?
first formalized public health nursing practice in settlement house, noted increased spread of infection in overcrowded immigrant housing, nursing home care
what was Henderson’s philosophy?
that the function of the nurse was to assist the sick or well and contribute to health and recovery
what did Dorthea Dix do?
reformed treatment for mentally ill
what is Watson’s philosophy?
Theory of Caring: emphasized caring aspects, thought nursing was based on human values and welfare of others. is concerned with health promotion, restoration and illness prevention
who created the Theory of Human Caring?
Jean Watson
what is theory a tool for?
reasoning, critical thinking, decision making
who created the Theory of Goal Attainment?
Imogene King
how is nursing strengthened by theory?
nursing as a profession is strengthened when knowledge is built on sound theory
what is Orem’s self-care model?
ordinary people want to be in control of their lives, nursing is needed in the presence of an actual or potential self-care deficit
what is King’s Interacting Systems Framework?
focuses on people, their relationships, and social contexts
what is the Theory of Goal Attainment?
nurses focus on goal attainment for and by the client “what goal can be set for the patient?”
what does Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations in Nursing focus on?
focuses on client-nurse relationship
in Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations in Nursing, what is the goal of a therapeutic interpersonal relationship?
the survival of the client, their understanding of their health problems, and how to learn from problems to make new behaviors
what is the goal Orlando’s Nursing Process Theory?
to determine and meet clients’ immediate needs and to improve their situation by relieving distress or discomfort. specific to nurse-client interactions
who made the Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
Madeleine Leininger
what is the belief of Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality?
incorporating culture and being aware supports the nursing outcome of the patient, their health and well being
what is Mishel’s theory?
Uncertainty in Illness Theory, the patient can’t progress if they don’t know expectations of care
what does the adaptation model ask? who created it?
what can be done to help the patient adapt?
sister callista roy
what is Swanson’s theory?
caring theory
what is Jezewski’s theory?
Cultural Brokering Theory
what is Nursology?
the science and body of knowledge created by and for the discipline of nursing.
what is the primary difference between a State Legislature and a State Board of nursing?
state legislature PASSES nursing laws, SBON enforces them
what is the National League of Nursing (NLN)?
in 1950, first nationwide state board test pool exam
what does the State Legislature do?
establishes “passes” practice law
what is the purpose of the state legislature?
to protect the public health, safety, and welfare
what is the goal of the State Board of Nursing (SBON)?
to ensure patient safety, uphold professional standards
what does the State Board of Nursing (SBON) do?
regulatory bodies administer and enforce nursing practice acts (not passed just enforced)
who enforces mandatory reporting?
SBON
what does mandatory reports include?
- concerns regarding conduct, performance, or competence
- unsafe and unethical care
-alleged violation of nurses scope of practice
who passes the state nursing practice acts?
the legislature passes them, the SBON upholds them
what is the ANA Nursing’s Social Policy Statement?
identifies what is the knowledge base for nurses, specializations, and advanced practice roles
who developed the Code of Ethics for nurses?
the ANA
who is the delegaTOR?
the RN
who is the delegaTEE?
LPN or UAP
what is the Novice level of proficiency?
limited or no experience
what is the Advanced Beginner level of proficiency?
understands basic elements, often has preceptor or guide. can organize and prioritize tasks
what is the Competent level of proficiency?
1-2 yrs in nursing, can handle familiar situations, searches for broader explanations and knowledge
what is the Proficient level of proficiency?
3-5 yrs, self confident, skills performed competently with speed and flexibility
what is the Expert level of proficiency?
high level of clinical skill
what is the ANA code of ethics for nurses?
the code of conduct for nursing
why do we have the ANA code of ethics?
to outline safe practice- principle behaviors, values, and beliefs expected of nurses
what are the interpretive statements of the ANA code of ethics?
it is interpreted that the standard is nurses will take each situation into consideration and then act on what is right in that situation
what is the purpose of the ANA scope of practice?
provide guidance in applying skills and responsibilities
in the ANA scope of practice, what is the role in providing care?
providing basic needs and collaboration of care
in the ANA scope of practice, what is the role in providing advocacy?
social justice and promoting other reforms to promote human rights and equality
what does the nursing code of ethics consider an ESSENTIAL role of the nurse when caring for vulnerable groups?
advocacy- whether they are vulnerable due to illness or difficulty of navigating healthcare
who serves as nurses in the Civil War?
Catholic orders
what was the Henry Street Settlement?
house opened by Lillian Wald after Civil War to focus on social justice, provide more health care to the poor
what did the permissive licensure laws in 1903 state?
nurse did not have to be licensed to practice but could not be called an RN unless registered
at what year did all states require a test for a permissive nursing license?
1923
what impact did the Social Security Act of 1935 have on nursing?
enhanced practice of public health nursing, provided medical care for kids with disabilities and the blind
what are the 4 stages of Social Learning Theory?
Bandura’s 4 stages:
1. attention
2. retention
3. reproduction
4. motivation
what is a PhD? what does it focus on?
doctor of Philosophy in nursing
- need masters and doctoral degree
- research focused
- academic roles
what is a DNP? what does it focus on?
doctor of Nursing Practice
- practice-focused doctoral degree
- need bachelor and master of science in nursing
- direct and advanced patient care
- translates research and EBP into clinical settings
what is an APN? what does it focus on?
Advanced Practice Nurse such as an NP or CRNA
- need a masters in nursing or doctorate as well
- can diagnose and treat patients
what is the role of the nurse?
advocate for patient rights
what is the purpose of Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)?
competency to ensure knowledge, skills, and attitudes for nursing
what are the 6 competencies of Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)?
- patient-centered care
- teamwork and collaboration
- evidence-based practice
- quality improvement
- safety
- informatics
what are the 2 folds of Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations Theory?
- survival of the patient (ex: withdrawal)
- learning and behavior change
what change after WWII created the need for more nurses?
increased number of hospitals… also led to associate degree/shorter degree nursing programs to get new nurses fast
what are the 4 parts of the nursing metaparadigm?
Person (patient and nurse)
Environment (support of human caring)
Health
Nursing
who was the first black nurse?
Mary Eliza Mahoney
what are Henderson’s 14 needs?
- Breathe normally
- Eat and drink adequately
- Eliminate body wastes
- Move and maintain desirable postures
- Sleep and rest
- Select suitable clothes – dress and undress
- Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying environment
- Keep the body clean and well-groomed and protect the integument
- Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others
Psychological Aspects of Communicating and Learning - Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinions.
- Worship according to one’s faith
Sociologically Oriented to Occupation and Recreation - Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment
- Play or participate in various forms of recreation
- Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and use the available health facilities.
Spiritual and Moral
