3.1 Scientific Principles and Process

Question 1

What is peer review?

Answer 1

Peer Review is where papers are read and analysed by specialists who are experts in the field of study

Question 2

Why is it important for science reports to be published?

Answer 2

It is used to communicate new research and findings

Question 3

Describe the null hypothesis and how its used

Answer 3

A null hypothesis proposes that there will be no statistically significant effect as a result of the experiment

Question 4

What should be included in a published report?

Answer 4

• Title
• Aim + Hypotheis
• Method
• Results
• Analysis of results
• Discussion and Evaluation

Question 5

What is a review article?

Answer 5

Review articles summarise current knowledge and recent findings in a particular field

Question 6

In animal studies, describe how scientists reduce or minimise the harm to animals

Answer 6

Replacement, Reduction + Refinement

Question 7

In human studies, what are the ethical considerations?

Answer 7

• Consent of participates - (Participants under 16 must have consent from parents)
• Participants must be aware of the right to withdraw at any time during the investigation
• Participant confidentiality must be maintained

Question 8

What other ways can findings be shared, apart from published reports?

Answer 8

• sharing new information through seminars
• talk + posters at conferences
• publishing in academic journals

Question 9

Describe the scientific cycle?

Answer 9

• construction of a testable hypothesis
• experimental design
• gathering, recording and analysis of data
• evaluation of results and conclusions
• formation of a revised hypothesis where necessary