3.1 Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place

A

In the chloroplasts

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2
Q

What are the adaptions of a leaf for photosynthesis

A
  • large surface area
  • the arrange plenty of leaves
  • thin
  • transparent cuticle and epidermis
  • long, narrow upper mesophyll cells packed with chloroplasts
  • numerous stomata
  • stomata that open and close
  • many air spaces
  • a network of xylem
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3
Q

(Adaptations for ps) why do leaves have a large surface area

A

To collect as much sunlight as possible

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4
Q

(Adaptations for ps) what does the arrangement of the leaves minimise

A

Overlapping so avoids shadowing one leaf by another

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5
Q

(Adaptations for ps) why is a leaf thin

A

To keep the diffusion distance short and most light is absorbed by the first few mm

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6
Q

(Adaptations for ps) what does the transparent cuticle and epidermis ensure

A

That light is let through to the photosynthetic mesophyll cells beneath

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7
Q

(Adaptations for ps) why are the upper mesophyll cells long and narrow and packed with chloroplasts

A

To collect sunlight

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8
Q

(Adaptations for ps) why are there numerous stomata

A

For gaseous exchange

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9
Q

(Adaptations for ps) what is the importance of stomata that open and close

A

They can change in response to changes in light intensity

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10
Q

(Adaptations for ps) what is the importance of many air spaces in the lower mesophyll layer

A

To allow the diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen

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11
Q

(Adaptations for ps) what does the network of xylem do

A

Brings water to the leaf cells

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12
Q

(Adaptations for ps) what does the phloem do

A

Carries away the sugars produced in photosynthesis

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13
Q

What does photosynthesis produce

A

Oxygen by releasing it from water molecules

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14
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O ——————–> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Light

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15
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + water ——————-> glucose + oxygen

Light

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16
Q

What are the 3 main stages of photosynthesis

A

1) capturing the light energy
2) the light-dependant reaction
3) the light-independent reaction

17
Q

How is light energy captured during photosynthesis

A

By chloroplast pigments such as chlorophyll

18
Q

What happens in the light-dependant reaction

A

Light energy is converted into chemical energy. During the process an electron flow is created by the effect of light on chlorophyll and this causes water to split (photolysis) into protons electrons and oxygen.

19
Q

What are the products of the light-dependant reaction

A

Reduced NADP, ATP and oxygen

20
Q

What happens on the light independent-reaction

A

These protons(hydrogen ions) are used to reduce carbon dioxide to produce sugars and other organic molecules

21
Q

Chloroplast structure

A
  • typically disk shaped
  • 2-10 um long and 1 um in diameter
  • surrounded by a double membrane
22
Q

What are the 2 distinct regions found inside chloroplasts

A

The grana and the strong

23
Q

Grana structure

A

Stacks of up to 100 disk like structures called thylakiods

24
Q

Stroma structure

A

A fluid filled matrix where the light-independent stage of photosynthesis takes place. Filled with a number of other structures eg starch grains

25
Q

What is found within the thylakiods

A

The photosynthetic pigment called chlorophyll

26
Q

What are inter-gran all lamallae

A

Thylakiods that have tubular extensions that join up with thylakiods in the adjacent grana

27
Q

Draw the structure of a leaf

A

Page 33

28
Q

Draw the cross section of a leaf

A

Page 33

29
Q

Draw a chloroplast structure

A

Page 33