3.1 Organic Chemistry Introduction

Question 1

Define empirical formula

Answer 1

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule

Question 2

Define molecular formula

Answer 2

Gives the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecule

Question 3

Define displayed formula

Answer 3

Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule

Question 4

Define structural formula

Answer 4

Shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond

Question 5

Define skeletal formula

Answer 5

Drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom. Carbon atoms not drawn, assumed each C atom has all unspecified bonds as C-H

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Define structural isomerism

Answer 8

When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 9

What is positional isomerism?

Answer 9

Functional group is attached to the main chain at a different place

Question 10

What is functional group isomerism?

Answer 10

Same atoms but different functional group due to a different arrangement of atoms

Question 11

What is chain isomerism?

Answer 11

Hydrocarbon chain organised differently e.g. branched chains

Question 12

Define stereoisomerism.

Answer 12

When molecules have the same structural and molecular formula, but different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 13

What is E-Z isomerism and how are the E and Z isomers decided?

Answer 13

E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C double bonds.

If the twp substituents with the highest molecular mass are on the same side of the double bond, it is the Z (zusammen) isomer.

If they are on different sides, it is the E (entgegen) isomer.