3.1 Movement of Molecules In and Out of Cells Flashcards
What is diffusion?
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What is osmosis?
The movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a partially permeable membrane
What is active transport?
The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. Energy is required
How does water move into and out of cells?
Osmosis
How do the root hair cells of a plant absorb minerals?
Active transport
How can the effectiveness of an exchange surface be increased?
Increasing the surface area, having thin walls, efficient blood supply (animals), being well ventilated (animals)
What contracts and relaxes in humans in order to breathe?
The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm
What is the upper body called?
The thorax
What happens to the volume and the pressure in the thorax when the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm contract?
The volume increases and the pressure decreases
What happens to the volume and the pressure in the thorax when the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax?
The volume decreases and the pressure increases
How is the surface area increased in the human body?
Alveoli (lungs), villi (small intestines)
What do soft drinks contain?
Water, sugar and ions
What does increasing the size and complexity do to the difficulty of exchanging materials?
Makes it more difficult
What do the villi do?
Provide a large surface area with an extensive network of capillaries to absorb products of digestion by diffusion and active transport?
What is the name of the movement of air into and out of the lungs?
Ventilation
