3.1 Metals Flashcards
What are the properties of metallic bonding?
- Electrostatic force of attraction between positively charged ions and delocalised electrons
- High melting amd boiling points
- Always conductive
Why do metals conduct electricity?
Because they contain delocalised electrons
What does malleable mean?
Able to be hammered or pressed into shape without breaking
What does ductile mean?
Able to be drawn into a thin wire
How is the method of extraction of a metal determined?
It’s position on the reactivity series
What is a native metal?
A metal that is so unreactive they can be found uncombined in nature in large amounts (e.g. gold and platinum)
Where is a native metal on the reactivity series?
Right at the bottom
Which elements can be extracted by heat alone?
Elements below copper on the reactivity series (gold, silver and mercury)
What does extraction by heat alone mean?
The metal will separate from its ore when heated
Which elements can be extracted by heating with carbon/carbon monoxide?
The elements between copper and zinc (inclusive) on the reactivity series
What does extraction by heating with carbon/carbon monoxide mean?
The element will separate from its ore when heated with carbon/carbon monoxide
How is iron extracted from its ore?
In a blast furnace, which keeps the temperature above 2000°C
Which metals require electrolysis to extract from their ores?
Metals above zinc in the reactivity series
What is electrolysis?
The decomposition of an ionic compound into its elements using electricity
What happens during electrolysis?
Positive ions gain electrons at the negative electrode and negative ions lose electrons at the positive electrode
