3.1 Macro nutrient Chemical Structures

Question 1

Macro Nutrients

Answer 1

Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, and water

Question 2

Micro Nutrients

Answer 2

Vitamins and Minerals

Question 3

Macro Nutrient Function

Answer 3

Source of bodily fuel, consumed in large amounts which provide the energy needed to maintain body function

Question 4

Micro Nutrient Function

Answer 4

Vitamins= energy production, immune function, and blood clotting
Minerals=role in growth, bone health, and fluid balance

Question 5

Glucose role+composition

Answer 5

-Glucose is the most important monosaccharides

Compostion= C6 H12 O6 1:2:1 ratio

Question 6

Monosaccharide definition

Answer 6

Building blocks of all carbohydrates, and can combine to form disaccharides and polysaccharides
- Monosacharides–> Glucose, Fructose, Galactose are the most important sugars of metabolism

Question 7

Monosacharide–> Disacharide

Answer 7

Monosaccharides join together in pairs to form Disaccharides
-Condensation Reaction= linking of mono, di or polysaccharides by covalent bonds involving the removal of a water molecule

Question 8

Triacylglycerol Composition

Answer 8

Triglycerides are the main constituents of body fat in humans
- Composition=bonds between a glycerol molecule as well as 3 other molecules of fatty acids

Question 9

Difference between Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acids (saturated acids)

Answer 9

Saturated Fats= Have no double bonds between the individual carbon atoms of the fatty acid
Sources= Meat, Poultry, Dairy
- Remain solid at room temp

Question 10

Difference between Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acids (unsaturated acids)

Answer 10

Unsaturated Fats= Have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms
Sources= Plant-based foods (olive oil)
-Liquid at room temp

Question 11

Protein Composition

Answer 11

Made up of organic chemicals of

• Nitrogen
• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen

Question 12

Essential and Nonessential Amino Acids

Answer 12

Amino acids are the building blocks of protein molecules
Essential amino acids= Cannot be synthesized by the body, and have to be obtained from a diet
Nonessential= Amino acids which can be synthesized by the human body

Question 13

Recommended Balanced Diet

Answer 13

Carbohydrates= 45-55%--> Energy 
Fats/Lipids= 20-35%--> Energy and Energy storage 
Proteins= 10-35%--> Tissue growth and maintenance

Question 14

Recommended diet for athlete and nonathlete

Answer 14

Athlete= Higher carbohydrate intake as well as protein and lipids (higher calorie intake)
Vice versa for non athlete

Question 15

Glucose role in the formation of Disacharides and polysaccharides

Answer 15

Condensation Reaction–> the linking of monosaccharide (glucose molecules), disacharides and polysaccharides by the removal of a water molecule

Question 16

Energy content values per 100g

Answer 16

Carbohydrate–> 1760 kJ
Lipid–> 4000 kJ
Protein–> 1720kJ