Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Section 3 Neuro > 31 - IVDD > Flashcards

31 - IVDD Flashcards

1
Q

where is the thickness of the intervertebral dice greatest?

A

cervical and lumbar regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which cervical spaces are widest

A

C4 C5, C5 C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where is the dorsal longitudinal ligament thickest (region of spine) and what does it prevenet

A

cervical spine, provides resistance against dorsal herniation f nucleus pulposus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what percentage of IVDD occurs in the cervical spine?

A

14-25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which breeds are prediposed

A

chondrodystrophic and toy breed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In large breed dogs what should always be considered alongside IVDD for cervical localisaigon

A

Cervical spondylomyelopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

is IVDD occurring most commonly in cranial or caudal cervical spine

A

cranial, 80% affect C2 - C4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what can typically good recoveries of hydrated nucleus purposes extrusion be put down to?

A

jelly like structure causing minimal compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

90% of dogs presenting w cervical pain had disc protrusion or extrusion, only 60% had spinal cord compression, why?

A

ratio or vertebral canal diameter to SC diameter is large, sc can be displaced without compression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

nerve root signature is present in how many dogs with cervical disc disease?

A

22-50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

loss.reduction of thoracic limb reflexes indicates lesion where in SC?

A

C6-T2 however in 34% of dogs the lesion was more cranial.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how accurate are plain radiograph to identify location of disc dz in cervical spine

A

35%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in a study of 33 dogs with Hansen type I disc disease the degree of SC compression evident on MRI was associated with pre surgical neurological status but was not associated with what?

A

post operative prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Foraminal intervertebral disc extrusions are ?

A

Cervical disc extrusions that are located close to, or within the intervertebral foramen itself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Foraminal intervertebral disc extrusions may be missed on myelography and sagittal MRI, what images should be acquired?

A

Transverse images in the areas of suspicion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What pathology forms a seagull shape with high signal intensity on a T2W sequence

A

hydrated nucleus pulpous extrusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

in 92% of dogs hydrated nucleus pulpous has what intensity when compared to CSF in t2w images?

A

isointense

18
Q

how long should IVDD conservative management have exercise restriction.?

A

4-6 weeks

19
Q

when deciding if surgery is recommended, how should groups be divided ? (x3 groups)

A
  1. neck pain only
  2. rptd episodes neck pain
  3. neck pain and near deficits.

Medical treatment for group 1. surgery for group 2 and 3.

20
Q

what are 3 techniques for sc decompression in the cervical spine?

A

1,ventral slot
2,dorsal laminectomy
3,hemilaminectomy

21
Q

what are the 1. advantages of ventral approach 2. disadvantages of ventral approach 3. advantages of dorsal approach 4. disadvantages of dorsal appraoch

A
  1. minimal muscle dissection and ability for prophylactic fenestration
  2. haemorrhage from internal vertebral plexus, poor field of view, inadequate exposure of lateral of foramina disc extrusion
  3. more sc decompression, enamel easier access to laterally extruded disc material
22
Q

how big should a ventral slot be?

A

not more than 33% of the width and breadth of the vertebral body.

23
Q

why is Piezoelectric device suggested to bed safer for drilling nr spinal cord?

A

vibrates at low frog, 25-30hz so can only cut mineralised tissue. neurovascular tissues are only cut at freq >50hz

24
Q

how is slanted ventral slot different to a normal ventral slot and what are the suggested advantages?

A

access herniated disc material from caudal part of cranial vertebral body - do not remove large portion of annulus fibrosus.

25
Q

Should dogs of all weight have disc fenestration?

A

not in dogs >30kg

26
Q

What is the risk of fenestration of a partially ruptured or markedly degenerated disc?

A

dorsal extrusion of the intervertebral disc material

27
Q

how much disc material should be removed?

A

unknown but 1/3 to 1/2 has been suggested

28
Q

what rate do adverse events occur in ventral slot surgery ?

A

9.9 - 14.9%

29
Q

reported mortality rate in ventral slot surgery ?

A

3%

30
Q

What two main types of respiratory compromise occur post operatively in cervical surgery

A
  1. ventilatory failure assoc w physical inability to move sufficient air into the lungs 2ndary to paresis or paralysis of the respiratory musculature.
  2. may have reduced pulmonary gas exchange due to pneumonia or atelectasis due to prolonged anaesthesia
31
Q

What are reported complications from cervical surgery?

A 
Respiratory Compromise
Intraoperative Cardiac Dysrhytmias
Blood Loss
Neurologic deterioration
Vertebral Instability and Subluxation
Seroma
32
Q

disruption of which structures may lead to cardiac dysrhythmias ?

A

carotid arteries, vagus nerve, sympathetic trunk. Tectotegmental spinal tracts (UMN pre gnalgionic neutron of sympathetic system)).

33
Q

types of neurologic deterioration?

A

progression of pre surgery clinical signs, hornets, laryngeal paralysis

34
Q

How often was radiograph subluxation documented in dogs undergoing ventral slot?

A

8% of cases

35
Q

What factors affect prognosis after cervical disc herniation?

A
  1. site of herniation - poss poorer prognosis w caudal herniations (caudal to C3/C4)
  2. degree of CNS injury
  3. duration of disease
  4. thoracic limb sensory status
  5. type of treatment
36
Q

Has duration of clinical signs been shown to affect outcome?

A

no,
BUT dogs that can walk within 96h of surgery are likely to make full recovery, dogs that can’t walk within two weeks are less likely.

37
Q

what percentage of clinical signs recur with conservative management for cervical disc dz?

A

36% or more

38
Q

In dogs that have had ventral slot surgery how many show a complete recovery at 1. 1 month and 2. 12 months

A
  1. 90%

2. 98%

39
Q

What is the recurrence rate for cervical disc herniatinon following ventral slot and what is the typical time frame

A

5-10%

91 days

40
Q

Success rate for hemi’s in the cervical spine?

A

78-88%

Section 3 Neuro (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions