3.1 Introduction To Organic Flashcards
Define empirical formula
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule
Define molecular formula
Gives the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecule
Define displayed formula
Shows every atom and every bond within a molecule
Define structural formula
Shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond
Define structural formula
Drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom. Carbon atoms not drawn, assumed each C atom has all unspecified bond such as C-H
Give the suffixes for:
A) No double bonds
B) At least one double bond
C) An alcohol
D) An aldehyde
E) A ketone
F) A carboxylic acid
A) -ane
B) -ene
C) -ol
D) -al
E) -one
F) -oic acid
Give the prefixes for:
A) CH3
B) C2H5
C) C3H7
D) C4H9
E) Cl group
F) Br group
G) I group
A) Methyl-
B) Ethyl-
C) Propyl-
D) Butyl-
E) Chloro-
F) Bromo-
G) Iodo-
Define structural isomerism
When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
What is positional isomerism?
Functional group is attached to the main chain at a different place
What is functional group isomerism
Same atoms but a different functional group due to a different arrangement of atoms
What is chain isomerism
Hydrocarbon chain organised differently - e.g. branched chains
Define sterioisomerism
When molecules have the same structural and molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of atoms in space
What is E-Z isomerism and how are the E or Z isomers decided
E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C double bonds
If the two substituents with the highest molecular mass are on the same side of the double bond it is the Z (Zusammen) isomer
If they are on different sides then it is the E (Entgegen) isomer
