3.1 Importance of ATP Flashcards
What is ATP?
ATP is a nucleotide and the major energy currency of the cell, used for all reactions in all cells.
Why is ATP efficient?
It is inert, soluble, easily transported, and releases energy in usable amounts.
What enzyme hydrolyses ATP?
ATPase hydrolyses the terminal bond between the last and middle phosphate groups.
How is ATP reformed?
By phosphorylation, where a phosphate group (Pi) is added to ADP through a condensation reaction.
How is energy released from ATP?
The hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate bond releases energy in usable amounts.
What are the three components of ATP?
A phosphate group, a pentose sugar called ribose, and an organic base called adenosine.
Where does most ATP synthesis occur?
On the internal membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
What enzyme synthesises ATP?
ATP synthetase synthesises ATP.
What drives ATP synthesis?
-The flow of protons down an electrochemical gradient
-provides energy for phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP.
What is chemiosmosis?
- The process where protons flow down an electrochemical gradient
- through ATP synthetase
- to generate potential energy for ATP synthesis.
What type of reaction forms ATP from ADP and Pi?
Condensation reaction.
Where do protons flow in mitochondria during ATP synthesis?
From the intermembrane space into the matrix.
Where do protons flow in chloroplasts during ATP synthesis?
From the thylakoid space into the stroma.
What generates potential energy for ATP synthesis in both organelles?
The electrochemical gradient created by proton flow across membranes.
What is the final electron acceptor in mitochondria during oxidative phosphorylation?
Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor.
How do mitochondria and chloroplasts differ in proton flow locations?
Mitochondria: Protons move into the matrix; Chloroplasts: Protons move into the stroma.
Where is the electron transport chain located in cells?
Within the inner membranes of mitochondria or thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
What do electron carriers do in the electron transport chain?
They pass high-energy electrons along ,to drive proton pumps.
How do proton pumps contribute to chemiosmosis?
They transport protons across membranes, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
