3.1 - getting the most from reactants Flashcards
what is a feedstock?
substances which other chemicals can be extracted from or synthesised from
why do feedstocks need to be sustainable?
so that they won’t run out and can be supplied in the long term with minimum impact on the environment
what is a raw material?
a raw material is found naturally in the earth’s crust or atmosphere
what are six examples of raw materials?
- air
- sea
- crude oil
- plants
- coal
- metal ores
what are the two main aims of the chemical industry?
- maximise profit
- minimise impact on the environment
what are five factors which affect the design of any industrial process?
- feedstocks
- recycling
- energy
- by-products
- yield
what are the three environmental considerations?
- biodegradable
- toxic
- waste
what is the molar volume of any gas?
24 litres per mole
what is the formula for finding out the molar volume?
n= v/mv
what is the name for the reactant which is completely used up in a chemical reaction?
limiting reactant
what is the name for the reactant which is not completely used up in a chemical reaction?
excess reactant
what is the theoretical yield?
quantity of desired product obtained when assuming the full conversion of the limiting reactant
what is the actual yield?
amount of product that is actually obtained
what are three reasons why the actual yield is usually less than the theoretical yield?
- reversible reactions
- side reactions
- impurities in limiting reactant
what is the formula for finding out what the theoretical yield is?
TY = AY x 100/ % yield
