3.1 Elections In The UK Flashcards
What is the First Past the Post (FPTP) system, and how does it function?
FPTP is a plurality electoral system where the candidate with the most votes in a constituency wins, even without an overall majority. It is used for UK general elections and is valued for its simplicity and quick results.
Why has First Past the Post (FPTP) been criticized?
FPTP is often criticized for being unrepresentative as it can lead to governments winning a majority of seats without a majority of the vote. It also disadvantages smaller parties, limiting their ability to gain representation.
What electoral reforms were introduced in the 19th century?
The Reform Acts of 1832 and 1867 expanded voting rights. The 1832 Act enfranchised the middle class, while the 1867 Act extended voting rights to urban working-class men, increasing inclusivity and representation.
How did Gladstone view the reforms of the 19th century?
Prime Minister Gladstone argued that these reforms made the House of Commons more representative of the population, reflecting the growing demand for inclusivity and accountability.
What alternative electoral systems are used in the UK, and where?
- Additional Member System (AMS): Used in Scotland, Wales, and the Greater London Assembly.
- Single Transferable Vote (STV): Used in Northern Ireland.
- Supplementary Vote (SV): Used for London Mayoral elections.
These systems address FPTP’s limitations by providing more proportional representation.
What are the key features of elections in the UK?
Secret Ballot: Ensures voting is private.
Universal Suffrage: All adult citizens can vote.
Regular Elections: Held at fixed intervals.
Clear Voter Choice: Ballot papers are easy to understand.
What is the purpose of elections in a democracy?
Elections enable citizens to choose representatives, hold them accountable, and influence government policies. They legitimize political power and provide a mechanism for limiting governmental authority.
How do elections ensure accountability?
Elections allow voters to assess their representatives’ actions during their term. If dissatisfied, they can vote for change in the next election, ensuring that elected officials remain answerable to the public
How do elections confer legitimacy to a government?
Free and fair elections provide governments with a mandate to govern, reflecting public confidence. For example, Boris Johnson’s 2019 majority election win legitimized his “Get Brexit Done” agenda.
What challenges to legitimacy exist in the UK electoral system?
Under FPTP, a government can win a majority of seats without a majority of votes. For example, the 2010 Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition raised concerns about public confidence and shared mandates.
How do elections serve as a check on power?
Governments must act carefully, knowing they face re-election. This encourages accountability and prevents representatives from disregarding public opinion.
How do elections influence political policies?
Parties present manifestos during elections, outlining their policies. Winning parties are expected to implement these promises, linking public opinion to government actions. For instance, public pressure influenced the Conservative Party’s 2019 decision to maintain the corporation tax at 19% to fund the NHS
What role do political parties play in elections?
Political parties select candidates who represent their values and are likely to win. If elected, these candidates govern and make decisions on behalf of the public.
What role do political parties play in elections?
Political parties select candidates who represent their values and are likely to win. If elected, these candidates govern and make decisions on behalf of the public.
How does the FPTP system shape the party system in the UK?
FPTP favors a two-party system, with Labour and Conservatives dominating. Smaller parties often struggle to win seats, unlike in proportional systems that lead to multi-party representation.
